Research Ethics

Research published in IJES : Indonesian Journal of Environmental Sustainability must be conducted ethically. Studies involving human participants or animals must report ethical approval (ethical clearance) or, where justified, the authors' statement of compliance with research ethics.

When ethical approval is required

Type of researchRequirement
Research with human participants that involves more than low risk (for example, health measurements, biological samples, or sensitive personal information)Ethical approval from a relevant research ethics committee: name of the committee, approval number, and year.
Research with animals, including fieldwork that captures, handles, or samples wildlifeEthical approval from a relevant animal ethics committee, and any required research or collection permits.
Research with low or negligible risk (for example, anonymous questionnaires or interviews on non-sensitive topics)The authors' statement of compliance with research ethics, which the editor and reviewers assess.
Research with no human or animal subjects"Not applicable."

Informed consent

Participants must give informed consent. Personal information that could identify participants is not published without their written consent. Research involving local or indigenous communities respects their rights and customary rules.

Fieldwork and permits

Fieldwork in protected areas, including the Leuser Ecosystem, or involving protected species must be conducted with the permits required by Indonesian law. Authors state the permit number in the Methods section or the Ethical Approval statement.

Example statements

"This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of [institution] (No. [number], [year]). All participants gave written informed consent."

"This study involved anonymous questionnaires on non-sensitive topics and posed negligible risk to participants. The authors confirm that it was conducted in accordance with research ethics principles and that all participants gave informed consent."

Related: Publication Ethics · Data Availability · Author Guidelines