Penurunan Interleukin-17 (IL-17) oleh Ekstrak Bunga Pepaya Jantan (Carica papaya L.) pada Artritis Autoimun Eksperimental: Potensi Imunomodulator yang Menargetkan Peradangan yang Dimediasi oleh Sel Th17
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/kenanga.v6i2.10014Keywords:
Carica papaya L., interleukin-17, immunomodulation, male papaya flower, rheumatoid arthritisAbstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation resulting from dysregulation of T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses and increased production of interleukin-17 (IL-17). This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of the ethanolic extract of male papaya (Carica papaya L.) flowers on IL-17 levels in an experimental autoimmune arthritis model. A randomized controlled post-test-only design was employed using 30 male Wistar rats induced with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). The animals were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 6 per group): normal control, arthritis control, male papaya flower extract at 100 mg/kg body weight (BW), male papaya flower extract at 200 mg/kg BW, and a methotrexate-treated group. Treatments were administered orally once daily for 21 consecutive days. Serum IL-17 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while histopathological changes in the joint tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The results demonstrated a significant increase in serum IL-17 levels in the arthritis control group compared with the normal control group (p < 0.001). Administration of the male papaya flower extract significantly reduced IL-17 levels in a dose-dependent manner, with the higher dose producing effects comparable to those of methotrexate. Histopathological analysis also revealed reduced synovial inflammation and cartilage damage in the treatment groups. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of male papaya flowers possesses immunomodulatory potential by suppressing the IL-17-mediated inflammatory pathway in experimental autoimmune arthritis.
Downloads
References
Amazu, L. U., Azikiwe, C. C. A., Njoku, C. J., Osuala, F. N., Nwosu, P. J. C., Ajugwo, A. O., & Enye, J. C. (2010). Anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of the seeds of Carica papaya in experimental animals. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 3(11), 884–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60212-X.
Azwanida, N. N. (2015). A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 4(3), 196. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000196.
Bendele, A. M. (2001). Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 1(4), 377–385.
Boakye-Gyasi, E., Ainooson, G. K., Asiedu-Gyekye, I. J. (2016). Antiarthritic effect of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Pistia stratiotes in adjuvant-induced arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, 8, 41–55. https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S100804.
Brand, D. D., Latham, K. A., & Rosloniec, E. F. (2007). Collagen-induced arthritis. Nature Protocols, 2(5), 1269–1275. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.173.
Courbon, G., Riffelmacher, T., & Machuca-Gayet, I. (2023). Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis: From immunopathogenesis to therapeutic evaluation. Cells, 12(10), 1306. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101306.
Gabay, C. (2006). Interleukin-6 and chronic inflammation. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 8(Suppl. 2), S3. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar1917.
Gaffen, S. L. (2009). The role of interleukin-17 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Current Rheumatology Reports, 11(5), 365–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-009-0052-9.
Gholijani, N. (2024). Role of IL-17 signaling in autoimmune arthritis and therapeutic implications. Frontiers in Immunology.
Harborne, J. B. (1998). Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis (3rd ed.). Chapman & Hall.
Hashimoto, M. (2017). Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: Recent advances. Inflammation and Regeneration, 37, 14.
Joveini, S. (2024). IL-17-mediated inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis: Current insights. Frontiers in Immunology.
Kciuk, M., Marciniak, B., Kontek, R. (2024). Natural products targeting Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune diseases: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Kim, H., Baek, S., Hong, S. M. (2020). 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 and interleukin-6 blockade synergistically regulate rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing interleukin-17 production and osteoclastogenesis. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 35(6), e40. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e40.
Lee, B. W., Lee, J. J., & Kim, W. U. (2024). Drug retention of biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in Korean patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 39(5), 833–844. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2023.297.
Liang, X. (2024). Plant-derived natural compounds regulate IL-17 signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: A review. Frontiers in Pharmacology.
McInnes, I. B., & Schett, G. (2011). The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(23), 2205–2219. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1004965.
National Research Council. (2011). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (8th ed.). National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12910.
Noack, M., & Miossec, P. (2014). Th17 and regulatory T cell balance in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13(6), 668–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.004.
Owoyele, B. V., Adebukola, O. M., Funmilayo, A. A., & Soladoye, A. O. (2008). Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves. Inflammopharmacology, 16(4), 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-008-7008-0.
Pan, X. (2024). Phytochemical immunomodulators targeting Th17/IL-17 axis in rheumatoid arthritis. Phytomedicine.
Park, S. H., & Ciofani, M. (2025). Regulation of Th17 cell differentiation and function in autoimmune arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology.
Smolen, J. S., Landewé, R. B. M., Bergstra, S. A. (2023). EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 82(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard-2022-223356.
Trease, G. E., & Evans, W. C. (2009). Trease and Evans' pharmacognosy (16th ed.). Saunders Elsevier.
Yang, Y. (2022). Natural flavonoids as immunomodulatory agents in rheumatoid arthritis. Frontiers in Pharmacology.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Lisa Savitri, Kharisul Ihsan, Rochmad Krissanjaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Kenanga: Journal of Biological Sciences and Applied Biology is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
