The Law of Human Organ Transplantation in the Perspective of Contemporary Fiqh
Keywords:
Organ transplantation, contemporary fiqh, Islamic law, emergency, public interest, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah.Abstract
This article examines the law of human organ transplantation from a contemporary fiqh perspective in response to advances in modern medical technology that raise legal, ethical, and theological challenges. The focus of this study is how Islam views the practice of transplantation from living and deceased donors and the extent to which contemporary fiqh legitimizes such medical procedures. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach through a literature study of primary and secondary sources such as the Qur'an, hadith, fiqh rules, fatwas of scholars, and national health regulations. The results of the study show that organ transplantation is permissible (mubāḥ) on the condition that it does not cause harm to the donor, is done voluntarily, without commercialization, and in an emergency to save lives. Fiqh rules such as al-ḍarar yuzāl (harm must be eliminated) and al-ḍarūrāt tubīḥ al-maḥẓūrāt (emergency situations permit what is otherwise prohibited) form the basis for the permissibility of this action. In conclusion, contemporary fiqh is able to adapt to developments in modern medicine without neglecting sharia values, making organ transplantation a manifestation of the application of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah in preserving life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and strengthening the relationship between medical science and Islamic law.
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