Kebebasan Beragama dalam Konteks Sosial Perspektif Al-Qur’an
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/quranicum.v2i1.6661Keywords:
Agama, Sosial, ToleransiAbstract
The use of religious identity to create a negative view of other religious groups if not limited by tolerance will greatly affect the social attitude between religious communities, because claims can damage social relations. Misunderstandings in interpreting religious texts exist in every religion, including Islam. So it is important for Muslims to understand the meaning of the Qur'an as a reference for their religion. This research focuses on several verses of the Qur'an that are considered closest to discussion the freedom of religion in a social context. The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning of religious freedom in the Qur'an through classical and contemporary interpretations, reveal how the Qur'an builds interfaith social dialogue, and tolerance of religious freedom based on the Qur'an. This type of research is library research, with qualitative methods and analytical descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that QS. Al-An'am (6):108 prohibits insulting the gods of polytheists as a reflection of manners in Islam, QS. Al-Mumtahanah (60):8 allows doing good to non-Muslims who do not fight Islam with a variety of interpretations by the mufasir, and QS. Al-Kafirun (109):6 emphasizes the uncompromising separation of beliefs, with different mufasir focuses. Dialogue in the Qur'ān includes deep interaction between creatures and God, fellow human beings and nature, promoting wisdom, respect, justice and equality. Tolerance in the Qur'an includes religious freedom, recognition of diversity, peace, cooperation in goodness, protection for minorities, and viewing differences as sunnatullah that support harmony in the life of the nation and state.
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan identitas agama untuk menciptakan pandangan negatif terhadap kelompok agama lain jika tidak dibatasi dengan toleransi akan sangat berpengaruh kepada sikap bersosial antar umat beragama, karena klaim tertentu dapat merusak hubungan sosial. Kesalahpahaman dalam memaknai nash-nash agama hampir ada di setiap agama termasuk agama Islam. Maka umat muslim penting untuk memahami dengan baik maksud Al-Qur’an sebagai rujukan agamnya. Penelitian ini fokus pada beberapa ayat Al-Qur’an yang dianggap paling dekat dengan pembahasan kebebasan beragama dalam konteks sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami maksud kebebasan beragama dalam Al-Qur’an melalui tafsir klasik dan kontemporer, mengungkap cara Al-Qur’an membangun dialog dan toleransi antaragama berdasarkan Al-Qur’an. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research), dengan metode kualitatif dan teknik analisis data deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa QS. Al-An’am (6):108 melarang menghina Tuhan kaum musyrik sebagai cerminan adab dalam Islam, QS. Al-Mumtahanah (60):8 membolehkan berbuat baik kepada non-Muslim yang tidak memerangi islam dengan variasi tafsir oleh para mufasir, dan QS. Al-Kafirun (109):6 menegaskan pemisahan akidah tanpa kompromi, dengan fokus mufasir yang berbeda-beda. Dialog dalam Al-Qur’an mencakup interaksi mendalam antara makhluk dengan Tuhan, sesama manusia, dan alam, mengedepankan hikmah, penghormatan, keadilan, dan kesetaraan. Toleransi dalam Al-Qur’an mencakup kebebasan beragama, pengakuan keberagaman, perdamaian, kerja sama dalam kebaikan, perlindungan bagi minoritas, dan memandang perbedaan sebagai sunnatullah yang mendukung harmoni dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.
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