Analisis Ekonomi Politik: Revisi atas Kebijakan Mineral dan Batu Bara Era Jokowi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/jai.v9i2.4301Keywords:
Oligarki, Partai Politik, UU Minerba, Koalisi Partai, PopulismeAbstract
Artikel ini menyoroti para oligarki batu bara yang berafiliasi dengan partai politik memanfaatkan jaringan politiknya untuk mempertahankan tujuan oligarkisnya melalui revisi UU Minerba. Jokowi mengklaim bahwa kebijakan ini dilandasi oleh semangat nasionalisme, karena mengutamakan kekayaan negara dan rakyat. Namun penelitian yang dibuat melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, pendekatan literatur, dan kerangka analisis teori oligarki penguasa kolektif Jeffrey Winters ini menunjukkan bahwa UU Minerba masih memiliki nilai oligarkisnya, karena substansi dan proses politik pembuatan kebijakan ini telah dikunci oleh para oligark dalam koalisi besar yang dibentuk oleh Jokowi pasca Pilpres 2019. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan ini tidak sepenuhnya mencerminkan nilai-nilai kerakyatan yang nasionalis seperti yang diklaim oleh Jokowi. Proses revisi UU Minerba mencerminkan besarnya pengaruh oligarki dalam membentuk kebijakan publik di DPR, terlihat dari minimnya resistensi dari fraksi-fraksi partai.
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UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.
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Yazid, F. (2021). Keleluasaan bagi Korporasi di Sektor Ekstraktif: Tantangan terhadap Agenda Penguatan Akuntabilitas Korporasi Tambang. In A. K. Umam (Ed.), Kuasa Oligarki atas Minerba Indonesia? Analisis Pasca Pengesahan UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Minerba (pp. 54–85). Jakarta: Universitas Paramadina.
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Alatas, S. H. (1986). Sosiologi Korupsi: Sebuah Penjelajahan dengan Data Kontemporer. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Asrinaldi, Yusoff, M. A., & Karim, dan Z. A. (2022). Oligarchy in the Jokowi government and its influence on the implementation of legislative function in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 7(2), 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057891121995564.
Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E., & Zucman, G. (2022). World Inequality Report 2022. Retrieved from https://wir2022.wid.world/www-site/uploads/2021/12/WorldInequalityReport2022_Full_Report.pdf.
CNN Indonesia. (2022). Daftar Terbaru 50 Orang Terkaya di Indonesia versi Forbes 2022. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20221209140613-92-885179/daftar-terbaru-50-orang-terkaya-di-indonesia-versi-forbes-2022.
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Febriani, A., Istanti, D. J., & Wibowo, P. (2021). TEORI OLIGARKI WINTERS ATAS PENAMBANGAN BATUBARA DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR (RELASI PENGUSAHA MENJADI PENGUASA). Jurnal Ilmiah Widya Sosiopolitika, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.24843/jiwsp.2020.v02.i02.p05.
Forbes. (2023). Indonesia’s 50 Richest 2023. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://www.forbes.com/lists/indonesia-billionaires/?sh=6f7b8c032ff7#tab:overall.
Ford, M., & Pepinsky, T. B. (2014). Introduction: Beyond Oligarchy? In M. Ford & T. B. Pepinsky (Eds.), Beyond Oligarchy: Wealth, Power, and Contemporary Indonesian Politics. New York: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications.
Fukuoka, Y., & Djani, L. (2016). Revisiting the rise of jokowi: The Triumph of Reformasi or an Oligarchic Adaptation of Post-Clientelist Initiatives? South East Asia Research, 24(2), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967828X16649044.
Greenville, S. (2014). Indonesia’s Economy at a Crossroads . Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/indonesia-s-economy-crossroads.
Hadiz, V. R., & Robison, R. (2013). The Political Economy of Oligarchy and The Reorganization of Power in Indonesia. Indonesia, 96, 35–57. https://doi.org/10.5728/indonesia.96.0033.
Hadiz, V. R., & Robison, R. (2017). Competing populisms in post-authoritarian Indonesia. International Political Science Review, 38(4), 488–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512117697475.
Hakim, N. R., & Meiliana, D. (2019). TNP2K: Satu Persen Orang Indonesia Kuasai 50 Persen Aset Nasional. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/10/09/17023551/tnp2k-satu-persen-orang-indonesia-kuasai-50-persen-aset-nasional.
Hidayati, N. (2021). Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020: Penderitaan Berkelanjutan bagi Rakyat dan Lingkungan Hidup. In A. K. Umam (Ed.), Kuasa Oligarki atas Minerba Indonesia? Analisis Pasca Pengesahan UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Minerba (pp. 26–51). Jakarta: Universitas Paramadina.
Humas Kemensetneg. (2023). Hilirisasi Terus Digaungkan, Presiden Jokowi: Jangan Mengulang Sejarah Ekspor Bahan Mentah. Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia. Retrivied Februari 22, 2024, from https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/hilirisasi_terus_digaungkan_presiden_jokowi_jangan_mengulang_sejarah_ekspor_bahan_mentah
Idris, M. (2020). Deretan 5 Orang Terkaya Indonesia Berkat Batu Bara. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/12/22/110300626/deretan-5-orang-terkaya-indonesia-berkat-batu-bara.
indonesiabaik.id. (2018). Masa Pemerintahan SBY: Naik Turun Ekonomi Indonesia. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://indonesiabaik.id/infografis/masa-pemerintahan-sby-naik-turun-ekonomi-indonesia.
JATAM. (2016). Kertas Posisi Koalisi Masyarakat Sipil Advokasi UU Minerba. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://www.jatam.org/kertas-posisi-koalisi-masyarakat-sipil-advokasi-uu-minerba/.
JATAM. (2024). Laporan Pemilu Oligarki Tambang Energi 2024. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://pemilu.jatam.org/Laporan-Pemilu-Oligarki-Tambang-Energi-2024.pdf.
Katz, R. S., & Mair, P. (2019). Democracy and The Cartelization of Political Parties. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Mietzner, M. (2013). Money, Power, and Ideology: Political Parties in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia. NUS Press.
Mietzner, M. (2014). Oligarchs, Politicians, and Activists: Contesting Party Politics in Post-Suharto in Indonesia. In M. Ford & T. B. Pepinsky (Eds.), Beyond Oligarchy: Wealth, Power, and Contemporary Indonesian Politics (pp. 99–116). New York: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications.
Nugroho, H. (2017). Coal As the National Energy Supplier Forward: What are Policies to be Prepared? Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan, 1(1), 1–13.
Nurfuadah, R. N. (2011). Perlu Direvisi, Ini Dia Kelemahan UU Minerba. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://economy.okezone.com/read/2011/10/07/19/512266/perlu-direvisi-ini-dia-kelemahan-uu-minerba.
Pasal 33 UUD 1945.
Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. In Harvard Business Review. Massachusetts: The Belknap of Press of Harvard University Press. Retrieved from https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674430006.
Primayogha, E. (2021). Revisi UU Minerba: Dalam Cengkeraman Oligarki dan State Capture. In Kuasa Oligarki atas Minerba Indonesia? Analisis Pasca Pengesahan UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Minerba (pp. 158–191). Jakarta: Universitas Paramadina.
Razak, M. I. (2021). Kebijakan dan Dampak Ekonomi Sektor Pertambangan. In A. K. Umam (Ed.), Kuasa Oligarki atas Minerba Indonesia? Analisis Pasca Pengesahan UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Minerba (pp. 192–217). Jakarta: Universitas Paramadina.
Redi, A. (2020). Sengkarut Legislasi Mineral dan Batubara. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/sengkarut-legislasi-mineral-dan-batubara-lt5f14365e34c7f/.
Robison, R. (1986). Indonesia: The Rise of Capital. Sidney: Allen & Unwin.
Ross, M. L. (2001). Timber Booms and Institutional Breakdown in Southeast Asia. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Singgih, V. (2022). Profil & Peta Koneksi Bisnis dan Politik 10 Oligark Batubara Terbesar di Indonesia di bawah Pemerintahan Jokowi. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://projectmultatuli.org/profil-peta-koneksi-bisnis-dan-politik-10-oligark-batubara-terbesar-di-indonesia-di-bawah-pemerintahan-jokowi/.
Sobandi, K., & Kusumanegara, S. (2014). Demystifying the Relationship between Decentralization and Villagers Welfare. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Public Management 2014, 1–6. Indonesia: Atlantis Press. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/34640231/Demystifying_the_Relationship_between_Decentralization_and_Villagers_Welfare.
Suryani, D., Fildzah Izzati, F., Syafi, I., Yuhsina Adaba, P., & Satriani, S. (2022). KEMUNDURAN DEMOKRASI TATA KELOLA SDA: PENGUATAN OLIGARKI DAN PELEMAHAN PARTISIPASI CIVIL SOCIETY. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 18(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.14203/JPP.V18I2.1032.
Tambunan, D. (2023). The intervention of oligarchy in the Indonesian legislative process. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 8(2), 637–653. https://doi.org/10.1177/20578911231159395.
Umah, A. (2020). DPR Bahas RUU Minerba: 8 Partai Setuju, Hanya Demokat Menolak. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200511160841-4-157655/dpr-bahas-ruu-minerba-8-partai-setuju-hanya-demokat-menolak.
UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.
Warburton, E. (2023). Resource Nationalism in Indonesia: Booms, Big Business, and the State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Winters, J. A. (2011). Oligarki. Indonesia: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Winters, J. A. (2014). Oligarchy and Democracy in Indonesia. In M. Ford & T. B. Pepinsky (Eds.), Beyond Oligarchy: Wealth, Power, and Contemporary Politics (pp. 11–33). New York: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications.
World Bank. (2015). Meluasnya Ketimpangan di Indonesia. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://www.worldbank.org/in/news/feature/2015/12/08/indonesia-rising-divide.
Yazid, F. (2021). Keleluasaan bagi Korporasi di Sektor Ekstraktif: Tantangan terhadap Agenda Penguatan Akuntabilitas Korporasi Tambang. In A. K. Umam (Ed.), Kuasa Oligarki atas Minerba Indonesia? Analisis Pasca Pengesahan UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Minerba (pp. 54–85). Jakarta: Universitas Paramadina.
Yoshihara, K. (1988). The rise of ersatz capitalism in South-East Asia. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Yurika. (2020). DPR Diminta Tunda Pengesahan RUU Minerba. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from https://www.dunia-energi.com/dpr-diminta-tunda-pengesahan-ruu-minerba/
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2024-04-30
How to Cite
Saputro, Y. R., & Makhasin, L. (2024). Analisis Ekonomi Politik: Revisi atas Kebijakan Mineral dan Batu Bara Era Jokowi. Al-Ijtima`i: International Journal of Government and Social Science, 9(2), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.22373/jai.v9i2.4301
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