Allegations of Research Misconduct Policy

An-Nahdah Al-'Arabiyah receives and assesses concerns about research integrity in submitted and published work. Reports may come from readers, authors, reviewers, institutions, editors, or other parties and may include concerns about plagiarism, fabricated evidence, altered quotations or manuscript images, manipulated peer review, citation manipulation, undisclosed duplicate publication, authorship fraud, or misuse of research participant data.

Reporting a Concern

Concerns may be reported to the editorial office at nahdah@ar-raniry.ac.id. A report should identify the manuscript or article, DOI where available, the material in question, the reason for concern, and supporting evidence. A reporter may request that their identity be protected as far as feasible. Anonymous and confidential concerns will be considered when sufficient verifiable information is supplied.

Initial Assessment

The Editor-in-Chief or an independent designated editor reviews the available evidence, records the concern, identifies any competing interests, and decides whether clarification, expert assessment, or a formal investigation is appropriate. A person implicated in the allegation does not control the inquiry. Allegations are not treated as established misconduct before evidence has been considered.

Investigation

The journal normally gives the affected authors or parties a fair opportunity to respond and may seek independent expert advice, source documents, original data, relevant permissions, or an institutional inquiry. Serious allegations involving research conduct may be referred to the relevant institution, while the journal retains responsibility for decisions about its own publication record.

Decisions

For unpublished submissions, outcomes may include no action, requested clarification or revision, rejection, or referral. For published work, outcomes may include no action, a correction, an expression of concern, a retraction, or exceptional removal when justified under the Corrections and Retractions Policy. Decisions are documented and proportionate to evidence and the reliability of the work.

Confidentiality and Fairness

The journal handles allegations sensitively, avoids retaliating against good-faith reporters, and protects confidential information where practical and lawful. The editorial office communicates a reasoned outcome to relevant parties without releasing confidential investigative material unnecessarily. Complaints about editorial handling may be raised through the Complaints and Appeals Policy.