Patriarchal Sexual Politics in Fatimah Abd al-Hamid’s Ta’ al-Niswah: A Kate Millett Feminist Reading

Al Siyasah Al Jinsiyyah Al Abawiyyah fi Riwayat Ta Al Niswah li Fatimah Abd Al Hamid Qiraah Nisawiyyah Inda Kate Millett

Authors

  • Nafila Azzahra Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
  • Nur Asiyah Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
  • Hermawati Putri Dian Insani Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Muhammad Danial Fahmi Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
  • Khoiriyah Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/nahdah.v6i2.10507

Keywords:

Kate Millet, Patriarchal, Sexual Politics, Ta' Al-Niswah, Domination, Saudi Women's Literature

Abstract

Although contemporary Saudi urban spaces are often associated with modernization and women’s increased visibility, literary representations suggest that patriarchal power persists in reconfigured forms. The mechanisms through which this power operates across domestic relations and urban consumer spaces therefore require closer textual examination. This study examines how patriarchal sexual politics is represented in Fatimah Abd Al-Hamid’s Ta’ al-Niswah and how its female characters internalize, negotiate, or resist domination in private and public spaces. Using a descriptive qualitative design within feminist literary criticism, the study applies close reading, systematic note-taking, and textual coding to the novel’s first Arabic edition, published in 2014. Guided by Kate Millett’s concepts of status, role, temperament, interior colonization, and patriarchy as a political institution, the analysis identifies five interrelated categories: coercive sexual subordination, unequal domestic labour, control over women’s bodies and mobility, objectification and stereotypical representation, and women’s internalization, negotiation, and resistance. These dynamics emerge in domestic, marital, occupational, and urban commercial spaces. The study shows that urban modernity does not eliminate patriarchal authority but reconfigures it through consumer culture, bodily regulation, social surveillance, and gendered expectations. However, its conclusions are limited to the novel’s literary representation and should not be generalized to all Saudi women.

 

غالبًا ما ترتبط الفضاءات الحضرية السعودية المعاصرة بالتحديث وتزايد حضور المرأة، إلا أن التمثيلات الأدبية تشير إلى استمرار السلطة الأبوية في صور معاد تشكيلها. ولذلك، تتطلب الآليات التي تعمل من خلالها هذه السلطة داخل العلاقات الأسرية وفضاءات الاستهلاك الحضرية فحصًا نصيًا أكثر عمقًا. تبحث هذه الدراسة في كيفية تمثيل السياسة الجنسية الأبوية في رواية تاء النسوة لفاطمة عبد الحميد، وكيف تستبطن شخصياتها النسائية الهيمنة الأبوية أو تتفاوض معها أو تقاومها في الفضاءين الخاص والعام. اعتمدت الدراسة تصميمًا وصفيًا نوعيًا ضمن النقد الأدبي النسوي، وطبّقت القراءة المتعمقة والتدوين المنهجي للملاحظات والترميز النصي على الطبعة العربية الأولى من الرواية الصادرة عام 2014. واستنادًا إلى مفاهيم كيت ميليت المتعلقة بالمكانة والدور والطبع والاستعمار الداخلي والنظام الأبوي بوصفه مؤسسة سياسية، حدّد التحليل خمس فئات مترابطة: الإخضاع الجنسي القسري، وعدم التكافؤ في العمل المنزلي، والتحكم في أجساد النساء وحركتهن، وتشييء المرأة وتمثيلها بصورة نمطية، واستبطان النساء للهيمنة والتفاوض معها ومقاومتها. وتظهر هذه الديناميات في الفضاءات المنزلية والزواجية والمهنية والتجارية الحضرية. وتبين الدراسة أن الحداثة الحضرية لا تلغي السلطة الأبوية، بل تعيد تشكيلها من خلال الثقافة الاستهلاكية وضبط الجسد والمراقبة الاجتماعية والتوقعات الجندرية. ومع ذلك، تظل نتائج الدراسة محصورة في التمثيل الأدبي داخل الرواية، ولا ينبغي تعميمها على جميع النساء السعوديات.

 

Meskipun ruang urban Saudi kontemporer sering dikaitkan dengan modernisasi dan meningkatnya visibilitas Perempuan, representasi sastra menunjukkan bahwa kekuasaan patriarki tetap bertahan dalam bentuk yang telah dikonfigurasi ulang. Oleh karenanya, mekanisme bekerjanya kekuasaan dalam relasi domestik dan ruang konsumsi urban memerlukan telaah tekstual yang lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini mengkaji representasi politik seksual patriarkal dalam novel Ta’ al-Niswah karya Fatimah Abd Al-Hamid serta cara tokoh-tokoh perempuannya menginternalisasi, menegosiasikan, atau melawan dominasi patriarki di ruang privat dan publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif dalam kerangka kritik sastra feminis melalui pembacaan, pencatatan sistematis, dan pengodean tekstual terhadap edisi pertama novel berbahasa Arab yang terbit pada 2014. Dengan berpedoman pada konsep Kate Millett mengenai status, peran, temperamen, kolonisasi internal, dan patriarki sebagai institusi politik, analisis menemukan lima kategori yang saling berkaitan: subordinasi seksual koersif, ketimpangan kerja domestik, kontrol atas tubuh dan mobilitas perempuan, objektifikasi dan representasi stereotip, serta internalisasi, negosiasi, dan perlawanan perempuan. Dinamika tersebut muncul dalam ruang domestik, perkawinan, pekerjaan, dan ruang komersial urban. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modernitas urban tidak menghapus kekuasaan patriarki, tetapi membentuknya kembali melalui budaya konsumsi, regulasi tubuh, pengawasan sosial, dan ekspektasi gender. Meskipun demikian, kesimpulannya terbatas pada representasi sastra dalam novel dan tidak dapat digeneralisasi terhadap seluruh perempuan Saudi.

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Published

2026-08-09

How to Cite

Azzahra, N., Nur Asiyah, Hermawati Putri Dian Insani, Muhammad Danial Fahmi, & Khoiriyah. (2026). Patriarchal Sexual Politics in Fatimah Abd al-Hamid’s Ta’ al-Niswah: A Kate Millett Feminist Reading: Al Siyasah Al Jinsiyyah Al Abawiyyah fi Riwayat Ta Al Niswah li Fatimah Abd Al Hamid Qiraah Nisawiyyah Inda Kate Millett. An-Nahdah Al-’Arabiyah, 6(2), 352–374. https://doi.org/10.22373/nahdah.v6i2.10507

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