Ontological Instability in Hasan Blāsim’s ‘Al-Ḥafrah’: McHale’s Postmodernist Fiction Analysis

Al-Istiqrar al-Untuluji fi "Al-Hafrah" li Hasan Blasim Tahlil Riwayah Ma Ba'da al-Hadathah li McHale

Authors

  • Malik Aljabar Muhammad Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta
  • Mahmuda Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/nahdah.v6i2.10071

Keywords:

“al-Ḥafrah”, Postmodernist Fiction, Ontological-Instability, Hasan Blasim, McHale

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the short story "al-Ḥafrah" by Ḥasan Blāsim using Brian McHale's theory of postmodern fiction. Previous studies on Blāsim’s fiction have predominantly examined themes of war, trauma, violence, exile, and refugee experience, while comparatively little attention has been paid to the narrative mechanisms through which his fiction reconstructs reality. Addressing this gap, this article investigates how ontological instability is constructed in the short story “al-afrah” through the framework of Brian McHale’s postmodern fiction theory. The study employs qualitative textual analysis of “al-afrah”, one of the twenty-five stories in Ma‘ra al-Jua, using words, sentences, paragraphs, and dialogues as units of analysis. Seven textual excerpts were identified through repeated close reading and analyzed through five analytical dimensions: fictional representation, historical context, McHale’s theoretical conceptualization, textual interpretation, and empirical plausibility.  The analysis demonstrates that the hole functions not merely as a narrative setting but as an ontological device that connects multiple fictional worlds and destabilizes conventional boundaries of space, time, identity, and reality. This ontological instability is produced through postmodernist narrative strategies, including spatial juxtaposition, interpolation, misattribution, and recursive structure, which collectively transform war, migration, and historical memory into interconnected ontological conditions rather than isolated historical events. These findings extend discussions of Blāsim’s fiction beyond thematic readings of conflict and exile by demonstrating how postmodern narrative techniques reconstruct reality itself. The study therefore contributes to both McHale’s postmodern narratology and contemporary scholarship on Iraqi war literature by foregrounding ontological instability as a central mechanism of literary representation.

 

يهدف الهذا البحث إلى تحليل القصة القصيرة "الحفرة" لحسن بلاسم باستعمال نظرية السرد ما بعد الحداثي عند براين ماكهيل. ركزت الدراسات السابقة حول أعمال بلاسِم السردية في الغالب على موضوعات الحرب، والصدمة، والعنف، والمنفى، وتجربة اللجوء، في حين لم تحظَ الآليات السردية التي يُعيد من خلالها تشييد الواقع باهتمام مماثل. وانطلاقًا من هذه الفجوة، تبحث هذه الدراسة في كيفية تشكّل عدم الاستقرار الأنطولوجي في القصة القصيرة «الحفرة» في ضوء نظرية بريان ماكهيل في السرد ما بعد الحداثي. وتعتمد الدراسة على التحليل النصي الكيفي لقصة «الحفرة»، وهي واحدة من خمسٍ وعشرين قصة في مجموعة «معرض الجثث»، متخذةً من الكلمات والجمل والفقرات والمحادثات كوحداتٍ للتحليل. وقد جرى تحديد سبعة مقاطع نصية من خلال القراءة المتكررة المتأنية، ثم تحليلها وفق خمسة أبعاد تحليلية هي: التمثيل التخييلي، والسياق التاريخي، والتأطير النظري عند ماكهيل، والتفسير النصي، وإمكان التحقق التجريبي.  وتُظهر نتائج التحليل أن الحفرة لا تؤدي وظيفة فضاءٍ سردي فحسب، بل تعمل بوصفها أداةً أنطولوجية تربط بين عوالم تخييلية متعددة وتزعزع الحدود التقليدية للمكان والزمان والهوية والواقع. وينتج هذا الاضطراب الأنطولوجي عن استراتيجيات سردية ما بعد حداثية تشمل المجاورة المكانية، والإقحام، وإعادة إسناد الصفات، والبنية التكرارية، وهي استراتيجيات تحوّل الحرب والهجرة والذاكرة التاريخية إلى حالات أنطولوجية مترابطة بدلًا من كونها أحداثًا تاريخية منفصلة. وتوسّع هذه النتائج آفاق دراسة أعمال بلاسِم السردية متجاوزةً القراءات الموضوعاتية للصراع والمنفى، وذلك من خلال بيان الكيفية التي تعيد بها تقنيات السرد ما بعد الحداثي تشييد الواقع ذاته. ومن ثمّ، تُسهم هذه الدراسة في كلٍّ من دراسات السرد ما بعد الحداثي عند ماكهيل والبحوث المعاصرة حول أدب الحرب العراقي، من خلال إبراز عدم الاستقرار الأنطولوجي بوصفه آليةً مركزيةً للتمثيل الأدبي.

 

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cerpen “al-afrah” karya Ḥasan Blāsim menggunakan teori Brian McHale tentang fiksi posmodernis. Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu mengenai karya sastra Hasan Blasim pada umumnya berfokus pada tema-tema perang, trauma, kekerasan, eksil, dan pengalaman pengungsi, sementara mekanisme naratif yang digunakan karya-karyanya untuk merekonstruksi realitas masih relatif jarang mendapat perhatian. Berangkat dari kesenjangan tersebut, artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana ketidakstabilan ontologis dikonstruksi dalam cerpen “al-afrah” melalui kerangka teori fiksi postmodern Brian McHale. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis tekstual kualitatif terhadap cerpen “al-afrah”, salah satu dari dua puluh lima cerpen dalam antologi Ma‘ra al-Jua, dengan kata, kalimat, paragraf, dan dialog sebagai unit analisis. Sebanyak tujuh kutipan tekstual diidentifikasi melalui close reading secara berulang, kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan lima dimensi analisis, yaitu representasi dunia fiksional, konteks historis, konseptualisasi teoretis menurut McHale, interpretasi tekstual, dan kemungkinan empiris.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lubang tidak sekadar berfungsi sebagai latar naratif, melainkan sebagai perangkat ontologis yang menghubungkan berbagai dunia fiksional sekaligus mendestabilisasi batas-batas konvensional ruang, waktu, identitas, dan realitas. Ketidakstabilan ontologis tersebut dibangun melalui strategi naratif postmodern berupa penjajaran spasial, interpolasi, misatribusi, dan struktur rekursif yang secara kolektif mentransformasikan perang, migrasi, dan memori historis menjadi kondisi-kondisi ontologis yang saling terhubung, bukan sekadar peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah yang berdiri sendiri. Temuan ini memperluas kajian terhadap karya sastra Hasan Blasim melampaui pembacaan tematik mengenai konflik dan eksil dengan menunjukkan bagaimana teknik-teknik naratif postmodern merekonstruksi realitas itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan naratologi postmodern Brian McHale sekaligus kajian kontemporer mengenai sastra perang Irak melalui penegasan ketidakstabilan ontologis sebagai mekanisme utama representasi sastra.

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Published

2026-08-09

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Malik Aljabar Muhammad, & Mahmuda. (2026). Ontological Instability in Hasan Blāsim’s ‘Al-Ḥafrah’: McHale’s Postmodernist Fiction Analysis: Al-Istiqrar al-Untuluji fi "Al-Hafrah" li Hasan Blasim Tahlil Riwayah Ma Ba’da al-Hadathah li McHale. An-Nahdah Al-’Arabiyah, 6(2), 375–399. https://doi.org/10.22373/nahdah.v6i2.10071

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