Conflict of Interest Policy

An-Nahdah Al-'Arabiyah requires disclosure and appropriate management of interests that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, research, review, or editorial decisions. Interests may be financial, personal, professional, institutional, academic, ideological, or related to employment, sponsorship, supervision, recent collaboration, or intellectual property.

Authors

All authors must disclose relevant competing interests and funding arrangements at submission and before publication. A declaration of no competing interests is required when none exist. Authors should distinguish research funding from the funder's role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing, and the decision to submit.

Reviewers

Reviewers must disclose conflicts before accepting an invitation and decline assignments when their impartiality or confidentiality cannot be safeguarded. This includes recent co-authorship, close personal ties, direct professional rivalry, financial involvement, or other relationships that could affect an objective assessment.

Editors

Editors must recuse themselves when they have a conflict involving a submission. Manuscripts authored by editorial board members, institutional colleagues, or the Editor-in-Chief are managed by a non-conflicted editor with authority over reviewer selection and decisions; the usual peer-review standards apply. The journal does not guarantee acceptance to its own staff or affiliates.

Publisher

Commercial, institutional, or personal interests must not determine acceptance or rejection. The publisher supports the management of conflicts and the independence of editorial review.

Post-Publication Discovery

If a material undisclosed interest emerges after publication, the journal assesses its effect on the work or editorial process and may publish a disclosure correction or take further action under the relevant policy.