Policies

• Focus and Scope
• Peer Review Process
• Publication Frequency
• Open Access Policy
• Archiving
• Budapest Open Access Initiative
• Screening for Plagiarism Policy
• Publication Ethics
• Publication Fees
• References Management
• Copyrights, Permissions, Reprints & Licensing
• Correction and Retraction Policies

 

 

Focus and Scope

Focus

Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering is a peer-reviewed, open-access platform dedicated to fostering the advancement of environmental engineering. The journal aspires to serve as an essential conduit for scholars, researchers, and practitioners, facilitating the dissemination of recent discoveries, fostering intellectual discourse, and contributing to the evolving compendium of this vital discipline.

Our target audience encompasses scientists, engineers, researchers, policymakers, and all who harbor an enthusiasm for environmental engineering and its allied fields. While we aim to cater to readers deeply immersed in the subject, we also reach out to those newer to the arena by emphasizing clear and accessible language. By appealing to a broader audience, we seek to stimulate research and spread knowledge and insights in environmental engineering, bridging the gap between experts and the larger community.

Scope

Lingkar welcomes contributions on a multitude of topics in environmental engineering, including but not limited to:

  • Water treatment and water supply engineering
  • Water resources management
  • Wastewater treatment and sanitation
  • Solid waste management
  • Air pollution control
  • Soil and groundwater remediation
  • Environmental monitoring and assessment
  • Sustainable materials and resources
  • Green technologies
  • HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) considerations and practices

 With our vast topical coverage, our objective is to champion an interdisciplinary perspective. By spanning such a broad spectrum, we aim to facilitate unearthing innovative solutions to complex environmental challenges, thereby championing the cause of a sustainable future.

 

 

Peer Review Process

At Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering, we uphold the integrity of science through a rigorous double-blind peer-review system. Each submission undergoes a thorough evaluation by at least two anonymous reviewers to ensure the content's validity, quality, and originality.

Key Features of Our Review Process:

  1. Double-Blind Review: Per our commitment to objectivity, authors and reviewers remain anonymous throughout the review process until articles are approved for subsequent stages and publication.

  2. Evaluation Criteria: Articles are meticulously evaluated based on the following:

    • Originality of scientific work.
    • Relevance between methodology and research topic.
    • Comprehensive analysis.
    • Clarity in communication with readers.
    • Feedback and recommendations from reviewers.

  3. Review Duration: Typically, the screening and evaluation process for manuscripts spans four to six months from the date of receipt.

  4. Language Policy: We welcome submissions in both Indonesian and English, catering to a diverse readership.

  5. Decision Authority: The journal reserves the right to determine the acceptance or rejection of any submitted article.

Peer review is instrumental in ensuring the quality and credibility of academic content. By filtering out substandard articles, we maintain the sanctity of our journal's brand and add value to the approved manuscripts. Our commitment lies in guaranteeing a robust peer-review system for every article that graces our journal.

 

 

Publication Frequency

Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering releases two annual editions, scheduled for June and December. Each edition features at least six meticulously selected articles, ensuring our readers receive quality content with every issue.

 

 

Open Access Policy

Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. We do not charge both for article submission and processing. All articles are assigned a DOI number (Digital Object Identifier). 

Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering is published Open Access under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license. Authors retain full copyright. For more information see the copyright section below.

Articles are published immediately upon the final corrections of the master proof having been made.

Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering is accessible via the journal’s website at https://journal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/lingkar as well as via international search engines such as Google Scholar and others.

Copyright and Licensing

Authors contributing to Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering agree to publish their articles under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license, allowing third parties to share and adapt the material for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You must also distribute your contributions under the same license as the original material. This means that you can use the material in your work, but you have to acknowledge the source and allow others to use your work in the same way. This license is also known as Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International.

Creative Commons is a global nonprofit organization that provides free and easy-to-use licenses for creators who want to share their work with the public.

 

 

Archiving

Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering is dedicated to ensuring the longevity and accessibility of its scholarly works. To that end, we've implemented the LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) system for our archiving needs. This decentralized approach involves collaboration with participating libraries, allowing them to create and maintain permanent archives of our journal.

The advantage of the LOCKSS system lies in its distributed nature. Maintaining multiple copies in various locations safeguards the system against data loss due to local catastrophes, technical failures, or other unforeseen challenges. This ensures that future researchers, scholars, and readers have continued access to the wealth of knowledge published in our journal, even in the face of potential technological or environmental disruptions.

Through this initiative, we are preserving individual articles and committing to preserving the collective scientific understanding and progression that Lingkar represents. We firmly believe in safeguarding academic endeavors for the future, and our partnership with LOCKSS stands as a testament to this commitment. More...

 

 

Budapest Open Access Initiative

An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new technology is the internet. The public good they make possible is the world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds. Removing access barriers to this literature will accelerate research, enrich education, share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich, make this literature as useful as it can be, and lay the foundation for uniting humanity in a common intellectual conversation and quest for knowledge.

For various reasons, this kind of free and unrestricted online availability, which we will call open access, has so far been limited to small portions of the journal literature. But even in these limited collections, many different initiatives have shown that open access is economically feasible, that it gives readers extraordinary power to find and make use of relevant literature, and that it gives authors and their works vast and measurable new visibility, readership, and impact. To secure these benefits for all, we call on all interested institutions and individuals to help open up access to the rest of this literature and remove the barriers, especially the price barriers, that stand in the way. The more who join the effort to advance this cause, the sooner we will all enjoy the benefits of open access.

The literature that should be freely accessible online is that which scholars give to the world without expectation of payment. Primarily, this category encompasses their peer-reviewed journal articles, but it also includes any unreviewed preprints that they might wish to put online for comment or to alert colleagues to important research findings. There are many degrees and kinds of wider and easier access to this literature. By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.

While the peer-reviewed journal literature should be accessible online without cost to readers, it is not costless to produce. However, experiments show that the overall costs of providing open access to this literature are far lower than the costs of traditional forms of dissemination. With such an opportunity to save money and expand the scope of dissemination at the same time, there is today a strong incentive for professional associations, universities, libraries, foundations, and others to embrace open access as a means of advancing their missions. Achieving open access will require new cost recovery models and financing mechanisms, but the significantly lower overall cost of dissemination is a reason to be confident that the goal is attainable and not merely preferable or utopian.

To achieve open access to scholarly journal literature, we recommend two complementary strategies. 

I.  Self-Archiving: First, scholars need the tools and assistance to deposit their refereed journal articles in open electronic archives, a practice commonly called, self-archiving. When these archives conform to standards created by the Open Archives Initiative, then search engines and other tools can treat the separate archives as one. Users then need not know which archives exist or where they are located in order to find and make use of their contents.
II. Open-access Journals: Second, scholars need the means to launch a new generation of journals committed to open access, and to help existing journals that elect to make the transition to open access. Because journal articles should be disseminated as widely as possible, these new journals will no longer invoke copyright to restrict access to and use of the material they publish. Instead they will use copyright and other tools to ensure permanent open access to all the articles they publish. Because price is a barrier to access, these new journals will not charge subscription or access fees, and will turn to other methods for covering their expenses. There are many alternative sources of funds for this purpose, including the foundations and governments that fund research, the universities and laboratories that employ researchers, endowments set up by discipline or institution, friends of the cause of open access, profits from the sale of add-ons to the basic texts, funds freed up by the demise or cancellation of journals charging traditional subscription or access fees, or even contributions from the researchers themselves. There is no need to favor one of these solutions over the others for all disciplines or nations, and no need to stop looking for other, creative alternatives.


Open access to peer-reviewed journal literature is the goal. Self-archiving (I.) and a new generation of open-access journals (II.) are the ways to attain this goal. They are not only direct and effective means to this end, but they are also within the reach of scholars themselves, immediately, and need not wait on changes brought about by markets or legislation. While we endorse the two strategies just outlined, we also encourage experimentation with further ways to make the transition from the present methods of dissemination to open access. Flexibility, experimentation, and adaptation to local circumstances are the best ways to assure that progress in diverse settings will be rapid, secure, and long-lived.

The Open Society Institute, the foundation network founded by philanthropist George Soros, is committed to providing initial help and funding to realize this goal. It will use its resources and influence to extend and promote institutional self-archiving, to launch new open-access journals, and to help an open-access journal system become economically self-sustaining. While the Open Society Institute's commitment and resources are substantial, this initiative is very much in need of other organizations to lend their effort and resources.

We invite governments, universities, libraries, journal editors, publishers, foundations, learned societies, professional associations, and individual scholars who share our vision to join us in the task of removing the barriers to open access and building a future in which research and education in every part of the world are that much more free to flourish.

February 14, 2002
Budapest, Hungary

Leslie Chan: Bioline International
Darius Cuplinskas: Director, Information Program, Open Society Institute
Michael Eisen: Public Library of Science
Fred Friend: Director of Scholarly Communication, University College London
Yana Genova: Next Page Foundation
Jean-Claude Guédon: University of Montreal
Melissa Hagemann: Program Officer, Information Program, Open Society Institute
Stevan Harnad: Professor of Cognitive Science, University of Southampton, Universite du Quebec a Montreal
Rick Johnson: Director, Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC)
Rima Kupryte: Open Society Institute
Manfredi La Manna: Electronic Society for Social Scientists 
István Rév: Open Society Institute, Open Society Archives
Monika Segbert: eIFL Project consultant 
Sidnei de Souza: Informatics Director at CRIA, Bioline International
Peter Suber: Professor of Philosophy, Earlham College & The Free Online Scholarship Newsletter
Jan Velterop: Publisher, BioMed Central

 

 

Screening for Plagiarism Policy

Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering is steadfastly committed to upholding the integrity of scholarly work, recognizing that it plays a pivotal role in advancing knowledge. In line with this, we've crafted a policy designed meticulously to deter and identify instances of plagiarism in submissions.

Commitment to Authenticity:

To ensure that every piece of content published under our banner meets the highest standards of authenticity and originality, we employ an exhaustive plagiarism check process using the leading software, TURNITIN.

Our Anti-Plagiarism Measures: 

  • Initial Screening: Each submitted article undergoes a rigorous initial screening using TURNITIN to identify any overlaps with pre-existing content.
  •  Threshold Limit: For consideration in Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering, articles must have a similarity score below 20%. Articles exceeding this limit will be subjected to a more in-depth review.
  •  Editorial Evaluation: Manuscripts clearing the initial plagiarism checks are handed over to our adept editorial team for further assessment.
  •  Feedback and Revision: Articles flagged for minor similarities will necessitate revisions by the author to ensure appropriate citations and originality.
  •  Rejection Policy: Submissions found to contain significant plagiarized content will be immediately rejected. Such findings may also impact an author's eligibility for future submissions to our journal.

Clarifying Plagiarism:

 Plagiarism, in its essence, can take several forms:

  •  Direct Copying: The act of replicating another author’s work verbatim without the necessary permissions or due acknowledgments.
  •  Substantial Copying: Reproducing a notable part of another's work, where 'substantial' is gauged by the relative value and extent of the copied content.
  •  Paraphrasing: Reinterpreting another's words or ideas and failing to credit them adequately.

At its core, plagiarism is more than mere copying; it's the misrepresentation of someone else's thoughts, words, or findings as one's own without proper acknowledgment. With the incorporation of TURNITIN into our editorial workflow, we reinforce the trustworthiness of our journal and safeguard the intellectual contributions of researchers globally.

We urge all authors, researchers, and collaborators to acquaint themselves with and adhere to these guidelines, ensuring the integrity and reputation of articles published in Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering.

 

 

Publication Ethics

Lingkar’s dedication to publication ethics ensures the journal's contribution to developing a trusted and respected knowledge network. This encompasses the integrity of our authors, their institutions, and the scientific method. All participants in the publishing process – authors, editors, peer reviewers, publishers, and society – are expected to follow these ethical standards, aligned with the principles of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics). 

Editorial Board Commitment

Lingkar's editorial board robustly oversees all publishing phases. Commercial interests, such as advertisements or reprints, will not influence our editorial decisions. 

Publication and Authorship:

  • Submissions undergo a rigorous blind peer review by at least two reviewers specialized in the field.
  • Review criteria include relevance, soundness, originality, readability, significance, and language.
  • Possible outcomes are acceptance, revision requests, or rejection.
  • Revision requests don’t guarantee acceptance.
  • Rejected articles won't be reconsidered.
  • Acceptance adheres to legal provisions related to libel, copyright, and plagiarism.
  • Research duplication across multiple publications is prohibited. 
  • Publication Decision: Lingkar's editor holds the decision to publish, guided by the work's authenticity and importance, the journal’s policies, legal requirements, and feedback from editors and reviewers. All papers undergo a Turnitin check by the designated journal editor to ensure originality. 
  • Fair Play: Manuscripts are judged solely based on their content, without considering authors' race, gender, beliefs, or affiliations. 
  • Confidentiality: All manuscript details are confidential and accessible only to the editorial team, reviewers, and the publisher. 
  • Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Editors must avoid using unpublished materials for their research unless given explicit author consent. 

Plagiarism

Manuscripts found to have been plagiarized from a manuscript by other authors will be considered plagiarism. The plagiarism screening process will take place in the beginning of the review process before being handed to the reviewer(s) and in the editing process. In case of plagiarism is detected after the manuscript is published, the editor will immediately remove the article from the issue list with a notification of publication ethics infringement.

Duplicate Submission

Manuscripts found to have been published elsewhere or under review elsewhere will be considered a violation of duplicate submission. Suppose authors have used their own previously published work, or work that is currently being reviewed, as the basis for a submitted manuscript. In that case, they must properly cite the previous work to avoid self-plagiarism (auto-plagiarism) once both manuscripts are published.

Citation Manipulation

Submitted manuscripts that are found to include false citations whose primary purpose is to increase the number of citations to a particular author's work or articles published in any particular journal is considered a violation of citation manipulation.

Data Falsification

Submitted manuscripts that have falsified research results and findings (including manipulating graphs, images, or charts) will violate data falsification.

Improper Author Attribution

All sources reiterated in the submitted manuscript must be given proper attribution as required by the license derived from the original source.

Conflicts of Interest

  1. Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering encourages authors to avoid any Conflicts of interests (COIs, also known as ‘competing interests’) that occur when issues outside research could be reasonably perceived to affect the neutrality or objectivity of the work or its assessment. However, any occurring potential conflicts of interest must be declared – whether or not they actually had an influence – to allow informed decisions. In most cases, this declaration will not stop work from being published, nor will it always prevent someone from being involved in a review process.
  2. Upon cases of uncertainty, declaration of potential interest or discussion with the editors is highly encouraged. Undeclared interests may lead to consequences of rejection or being re-assessed, which might cause it to be retracted from being published.
  3. Conflicts of interest include:
    • Financial – funding and other payments, goods, and services received or expected by the authors relating to the subject of the work or from an organization with an interest in the outcome of the work.
    • Affiliations – being employed by, on the advisory board for, or a member of an organization with an interest in the outcome of the work.
    • Intellectual property – patents or trademarks owned by someone or their organization.
    • Personal – friends, family, relationships, and other close personal connections.
    • Ideology – beliefs or activism, e.g., political or religious, relevant to the work.
    • Academic – competitors or someone whose work is critiqued.
  4. Authors must declare current or recent funding and other payments, goods or services that might influence the work. All funding, whether a conflict or not, must be declared in the ‘Acknowledgments’. Declared conflicts of interest (if any) will be considered by the editor and reviewers and included in the published article.
  5. Editors and reviewers should not be involved with a submission when they:
    • Have a recent publication or current submission with any author.
    • Collaborate or recently collaborate with any author.
    • Have a financial interest in the subject of the work.
    • Experience the inability to be objective.
  6. In any way possible, Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering aims to avoid assigning submissions to editors and inviting reviewers, should there is a conflict of interest; in which they should decline in any of the above situations and declare any conflicts to the journal. Reviewers must declare their interests in the ‘Confidential’ section of the review form, which the editor will consider. Close competitors should consider declining. Editors and reviewers must declare if they have previously discussed the manuscript with the authors during the initial editorial meeting.

Sanctions of mentioned violations

  1. In the event that there is evidence of violations of any of the above-mentioned policies in any journal, regardless of whether or not the violations occurred in a journal published by Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering, the following sanctions will be considered:
    a. Immediate rejection of the infringing manuscript.
    b. Immediate rejection of every other manuscript submitted to Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering by the author(s) of the infringing manuscript for 2 subsequent issues (12 months).
    c. Blacklisted as an author or demoted user access from author to reader
    d. Prohibition against all of the authors from serving on the Editorial Board of Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering.
  2. In cases where the violations of the above policies are found to be particularly severe, the publisher reserves the right to impose additional sanctions beyond those described above.

 Authors’ Responsibilities:

  • Ensure that the manuscript or research results are presented clearly, honestly, and without plagiarism, guaranteeing no data manipulation.
  • Confirm the accuracy of submission statements of the manuscripts proposed during submission.
  • Adhere strictly to the publication requirements, ensuring that the paper is original, free from plagiarism, and hasn’t been previously published in any other journal or platform.
  • Actively engage in the peer-review process and uphold reporting standards by presenting accurate and honest accounts of their research.
  • Authenticate all data, and ensure that opinions and literature cited are properly referenced.
  • All authors listed on the manuscript must have contributed substantially to the research.
  • Promptly address, correct, or retract any errors in the published work, ensuring that corrections do not alter the manuscript's basic idea or substance.
  • Declare any conflicts of interest, acknowledge significant contributors, and disclose the origins of any funding received.
  • Refrain from sending similar manuscripts or engaging in concurrent submissions of identical research to other journals or publications.
  • Report any errors discovered in published works to the editors immediately and promptly address significant errors.

Editors’ Responsibilities:

  • The editors of Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering are responsible for deciding which articles to publish through editorial meetings. This decision-making process is guided by the journal's policies, adhering strictly to defamation, copyright violation, and plagiarism laws
  • Ensure that the acceptance of articles is grounded on editorial procedures and requirements as stipulated in the journal policies and guidelines.
  • Prioritize the needs of authors and readers while ensuring the quality and integrity of the content.
  • Maintain impartiality in the review and publication decision process, avoiding any discrimination based on race, sex, religion, ethnicity, nationality, or political ideology of the authors.
  • Safeguard the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts. No information about the manuscript will be disclosed unless there's permission from the author(s). Any manuscript not accepted for publication will be returned to the author and archived.
  • Exercise autonomy in accepting or rejecting articles while ensuring transparency about research funding sources and making decisions based solely on the manuscript's merit without external pressures or influences.
  • Publish corrections when deemed necessary and act diligently upon suspicions of misconduct, ensuring that decisions are evidence-based and not based on suspicion alone.
  • Preserve the anonymity of reviewers in line with international ethical standards while safeguarding confidentiality and diligently avoiding any potential conflicts of interest.

Reviewers’ Responsibilities:

  • Assist the editor in making editorial decisions on the submitted manuscript and provide recommendations.
  • Safeguard the confidentiality of manuscript details, ensuring that information remains undisclosed and aligning with the principles of a double-blind review process.
  • Commit to providing unbiased, objective reviews, devoid of personal prejudices. Feedback should be clear, supported by compelling reasons, and evidence-backed insights.
  • Highlight any relevant citations overlooked by the authors and identify additional influential publications pertinent to the manuscript.
  • Notify editors of any notable similarities or overlaps between the reviewed manuscript and other published works.
  • Ensure timely and efficient reviews.
  • Decline invitations to review manuscripts that pose potential conflicts of interest and consistently uphold a stance of impartiality and confidentiality throughout the review process.

Publisher responsibilities:

  • Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering as a scientific journal publisher, is responsible for publishing articles after the process of screening, review, editing, and layouts in accordance with the rules of standard scientific journal publishing.
  • Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering is responsible for guaranteeing the academic freedom of editors and reviewers in running their job.
  • Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering is responsible for keeping privacy and protecting intellectual property and copyright as well as editorial freedom.

 

 

Publication Fees

At Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering, we believe in open access and the free dissemination of knowledge. In line with this commitment:

  • No Submission Fees: We do not charge authors at any stage of submission.

  • No Article Processing Charges (APCs): Once your manuscript is accepted, you won't face any processing charges.

  • Free Publication: Manuscripts that have been reviewed and selected for publication are published without any fees.

  • Complimentary Subscription: Our journal is open to all, with no subscription charges. Readers can freely access all content.

  • Open Access to Published Manuscripts: Every article we publish is openly accessible. Readers can view and download articles from our journal portal at no cost.

We stand firm in our commitment to supporting authors and readers by eliminating financial barriers, ensuring that groundbreaking research is easily accessible to all.

 

 

References Management

Effective and accurate citation is a cornerstone of scholarly work. To ensure consistency and accuracy in referencing, Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering mandates using reference management software for all submitted articles. While there are several tools available, we specifically recommend using Mendeley. Mendeley not only streamlines the citation process but also ensures that references are formatted by the journal's preferred style. This robust tool aids authors in organizing their research, collaborating with other scholars, and staying updated with the latest research publications. By standardizing the reference process, we aim to maintain the high quality and integrity of academic discussions within our journal.

 

 

Copyrights, Permissions, Reprints & Licensing

At Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering, we prioritize transparent and fair copyright practices to promote knowledge sharing and scholarly exchange.

Licensing

All works are published under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly works. This license allows anyone to compose, repair, and make derivative creations, even for commercial purposes. It's imperative that users:

  • Give appropriate credit to the original author.
  • Provide direct acknowledgment of the original publication, ideally pointing back to the primary manuscript and author. This ensures that users can trace back to the original manuscript and author.
  • Share any derivative content under the same license.

Furthermore, readers are granted full access to read, download, reprint, and distribute published manuscripts in any medium or format.

Author's Copyright

Authors retain full copyright of their published content in Lingkar. By submitting their work, authors grant the journal the exclusive right of first publication. Subsequent non-exclusive distribution, such as uploading to institutional repositories or inclusion in a book, is permissible, provided its primary magazine is acknowledged in Lingkar.

Permissions

Thanks to the licensing provided, readers and users can read, download, reprint, and distribute published manuscripts. However, any use must ensure appropriate credit and acknowledgment as stipulated in the licensing terms.

Reprints

Users and readers can reprint the published manuscripts, provided they adhere to the stipulated licensing terms, ensuring appropriate credit and acknowledgment to the original publication.

Promotion of Work

We encourage authors to disseminate their work online, both on personal and institutional platforms, during and after submission. This not only fosters engaging discussions but also has the potential to increase the work's citation frequency.

 

 

Correction and Retraction Policies

At Lingkar: Journal of Environmental Engineering, we are committed to upholding the integrity and accuracy of the academic record. In instances where the validity of a published paper is questioned, we adhere to the following policies:

Grounds for Retraction:

A published paper will be considered for retraction from the journal under the following circumstances:

  1. Unreliable Findings: There's clear evidence that the findings could be more reliable, either from misconduct, data fabrication, or honest errors like miscalculations or experimental mistakes.
  2. Redundant Publication: The paper's findings have been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification.
  3. Plagiarism: The paper's content is found to be plagiarized from other sources.
  4. Unethical Research: The paper reports on research that was conducted unethically.

Retraction Mechanism:

Our process for retracting papers strictly adheres to the Retraction Guidelines provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Please refer to the COPE Retraction Guidelines for a detailed understanding of these guidelines.