Wacana Gender Dalam Perjanjian Pernikahan Rifā'ah Rāfi’ Al-Ṭahṭāwī
The Gender Discourse in the Marriage Agreement of Rifā'ah Rāfi’ Al-Ṭahṭāwī
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/nahdah.v4i2.4105Keywords:
Feminist Stylistics, Marriage Agreement, Rifā'ah Al-ṬahṭāwīAbstract
A marriage agreement aimed at honoring a wife was created by Rifā'ah Al-Ṭahṭāwī, addressed to his wife Karima binti Muhammad al-Fargali in the year 1839 AD. This research aims to analyze how women are portrayed in Rifā'ah al-Ṭahṭāwī's marriage agreement. The research method involves close reading using the feminist stylistics theory by Sara Mills to analyze discourse. This feminist stylistics analysis operates on three levels: word level, phrase/sentence level, and discourse level. The results of this research indicate that at the word level, Al-Ṭahṭāwī uses deviations from neutral vocabulary to derogatory terms for women. At the phrase/sentence level, the study indicates that the sentence constructions made by Al-Ṭahṭāwī contribute to marginalizing the role of women in the presence of men. Then, at the discourse level, Al-Ṭahṭāwī constructs the text to involve women in accepting the consequences of the agreement.
قام رفاعة الطهطاوي بكتابة اتفاقية زواج تهدف إلى تكريم الزوجة، موجّهة إلى زوجته كريمة بنت محمد الفرجلي في عام 1839 ميلادي. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل كيفية تصوير النساء في اتفاقية الزواج التي كتبها رفاعة الطهطاوي. تتضمن منهجية البحث القراءة المتعمقة باستخدام نظرية الأسلوب النسوي لسارة ميلز لتحليل الخطاب. يعمل هذا التحليل النسوي للأسلوب على ثلاثة مستويات: مستوى الكلمة، مستوى العبارة/الجملة، ومستوى الخطاب. تشير نتائج هذا البحث إلى أن الطهطاوي يستخدم في مستوى الكلمة انحرافات عن المفردات المحايدة إلى مصطلحات تحط من قدر النساء. وفي مستوى العبارة/الجملة، تشير الدراسة إلى أن تراكيب الجمل التي أنشأها الطهطاوي تساهم في تهميش دور النساء بحضور الرجال. أما في مستوى الخطاب، يقوم الطهطاوي ببناء النص بحيث يتضمن قبول النساء لتبعات الاتفاقية.
Perjanjian pernikahan yang bertujuan untuk menghormati seorang istri dibuat oleh Rifā'ah Al-Ṭahṭāwī yang ditujukan kepada istrinya Karima binti Muhammad al-Fargali pada tahun 1839 M. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana perempuan ditampilkan dalam perjanjian pernikahan Rifā'ah al-Ṭahṭāwī tersebut. Metode penelitian ini melibatkan pembacaan tekstual mendalam dengan menggunakan teori analisis gaya bahasa feminis (feminist stylistics) Sara Mills untuk menganalisis sebuah wacana. Analisis gaya bahasa feminis ini melalui tiga level analisis yaitu, level kata, frasa/kalimat dan wacana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada level kata Al-Ṭahṭāwī menggunakan penyimpangan kosa kata netral menjadi kosa kata yang merendahkan perempuan. Pada level frasa/kalimat, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi kalimat yang dibuat oleh Al-Ṭahṭāwī turut menyudutkan peran perempuan di hadapan laki-laki. Kemudian pada level wacana, Al-Ṭahṭāwī mengonstruksi teks agar melibatkan perempuan dalam menerima konsekuensi dari pembuatan perjanjian tersebut.
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