Kesenjangan Sosial Ekonomi di Indonesia: Penyebab, Dampak, dan Solusi Kebijakan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/jsai.v5i3.6037Keywords:
Sosial Ekonomi, Kesenjangan, meta-analisisAbstract
This study aims to analyze socio-economic inequality in Indonesia using a meta-analysis approach. Socio-economic inequality encompasses various dimensions, such as disparities in access to education, healthcare services, economic opportunities, and digital technology. Contributing factors include uneven development policies, the effects of globalization, geographical conditions, and gender inequality. This study integrates findings from various relevant studies meeting inclusion criteria, including articles published between 2018 and 2023. Meta-analysis facilitates the identification of patterns in causes, impacts, and effective solutions for reducing socio-economic inequality. The findings indicate that the impacts of socio-economic inequality are not only economic, such as reduced purchasing power, but also social, such as increased stratification and limited social mobility. Proposed solutions include wealth redistribution through progressive tax policies, increased investment in education and digital infrastructure, and community-based empowerment in underdeveloped regions. This study concludes that reducing socio-economic inequality in Indonesia requires more inclusive policy approaches, consistent implementation, sustainable evaluation, and cross-sectoral coordination.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kesenjangan sosial ekonomi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan meta-analisis. Kesenjangan sosial ekonomi mencakup berbagai dimensi, seperti ketimpangan akses pendidikan, layanan kesehatan, peluang ekonomi, dan teknologi digital. Faktor-faktor penyebabnya meliputi kebijakan pembangunan yang tidak merata, pengaruh globalisasi, kondisi geografis, dan ketidaksetaraan gender. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan temuan dari berbagai studi yang relevan dengan kriteria inklusi, termasuk artikel yang diterbitkan pada periode 2018–2023. Meta-analisis memungkinkan identifikasi pola penyebab, dampak, dan solusi yang efektif dalam mengurangi kesenjangan sosial ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak kesenjangan ini tidak hanya bersifat ekonomi, seperti rendahnya daya beli, tetapi juga sosial, seperti meningkatnya stratifikasi dan terbatasnya mobilitas sosial. Solusi yang dapat diterapkan meliputi redistribusi kekayaan melalui kebijakan pajak progresif, peningkatan investasi di sektor pendidikan dan teknologi digital, serta pemberdayaan berbasis komunitas di daerah tertinggal. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengurangan kesenjangan sosial ekonomi di Indonesia memerlukan pendekatan kebijakan yang lebih inklusif, dengan implementasi yang konsisten, evaluasi berkelanjutan, dan koordinasi lintas sektor.
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