POTENSI TADLIS DALAM PRAKTIK WAKAF AL-QUR’AN MELALUI MUTOWWIF: ANALISIS NORMATIF ASIMETRI INFORMASI DAN KONSTRUKSI AKAD WAKALAH BIL UJRAH

Abstract

The practice of Qurʼan waqf through mutawwif among Indonesian umrah pilgrims is generally conducted with good faith. However, the absence of contract standards governing price transparency and ujrah components creates a structural gap that could potentially be exploited by unscrupulous mutawwif to gain advantages beyond legitimate agreed terms. This study examines whether the existing transaction structure potentially fulfils the elements of tadlis and gharar under Islamic economic law, and proposes a normatively compliant wakalah bil ujrah contract structure as an instrument for wakif protection. Normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches was used, drawing on the Qurʼan, Hadith, DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 10/2000, Waqf Law No. 41/2004, Government Regulation No. 42/2006, Ministerial Regulation No. 8/2018, as well as classical fiqh literature and SINTA-indexed academic journals. The findings show that the waqf transaction structure lacking price disclosure and explicit ujrah agreement potentially fulfils the elements of tadlis bil fiʼli and gharar fi al-thaman when exploited by unscrupulous actors. A contract formed without maʼlum ujrah constitutes a fasid wakalah bil ujrah, limiting the agent’s entitlement to ujrah mitsl only. A critical regulatory gap exists in the PPIU Ministerial Regulation, which does not specifically govern waqf facilitation mechanisms.