A Fiqh Jinayah Review on the Implementation of Social Work Criminal in Law Number 1 of 2023

Anisa Muttaqqillah; Safira Mustaqila; Yusnaidi Kamaruzzaman; Ghazal Lianne

doi:10.22373/fvp4yp12

Authors

Anisa Muttaqqillah Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Safira Mustaqila Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Yusnaidi Kamaruzzaman Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Ghazal Lianne Toshkent Islom universiteti, Uzbekistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/fvp4yp12

Keywords:

Social Work Crime, New Criminal Code, Fiqh Jinayah, Ta'zīr, Maqāṣid al-'Uqūbah

Abstract

The reform of the criminal law through Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the New Criminal Code presents the social work penalty as a non-prison principal crime that is oriented towards rehabilitation and restoration, while responding to the problem of over-capacity of correctional institutions in Indonesia. This research aims to answer three primary problems: first, how social work crimes are regulated in the New Criminal Code as an alternative punishment; second, what mechanisms and fundamental challenges exist in its implementation within the national criminal system; and third, how social work penalties are reviewed from the perspective of fiqh jinayah. Employing a normative juridical method supported by legislative, conceptual, legal policy, and comparative approaches, this study analyzes primary and secondary legal materials descriptively and analytically. The results reveal that Article 65 jo. Article 85 regulates social work crimes in relative detail, covering imposition conditions and technical aspects. However, its implementation across pre-adjudication, adjudication, and post-adjudication stages faces critical challenges, including weak informed consent standards, unclear parameters of legitimate reasons in criminal conversion, limited institutional capacity of Bapas, a prison-oriented legal culture, the absence of standardized sentencing guidelines, and a lack of implementing regulations, alongside the systemic risk of net widening. From a fiqh jinayah perspective, social work penalties cannot be fully equated with ta'zīr as a strict legal category, yet they demonstrate profound functional harmony with the core goals of 'uqūbah namely iṣlāḥ, zajr, and ta'dīb. This study concludes that the normative strength of social work penalties lacks adequate technical implementation readiness, making the strengthening of implementing regulations and deeper empirical studies an urgent necessity for the long-term sustainability of this policy.

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