The Application of Hadhanah Rights for Muallaf Parents  and Its Consequences on Child Welfare in Malaysia  (An Analysis of Federal Court Decision No. 02-19-2007 (W)): Penerapan Hak Hadhanah Bagi Orang Tua Muallaf dan  Konsekuensinya Terhadap Kesejahteraan Anak di Malaysia  (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Persekutuan No.  02-19-2007 (W))

Agustin Hanapi; Nur Afifah binti Zakri; Azka Amalia Jihad

doi:10.22373/hadhanah.v4i2.5677

Authors

Agustin Hanapi UIN Ar-raniry Banda Aceh
Nur Afifah binti Zakri Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-raniry Banda Aceh
Azka Amalia Jihad Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-raniry Banda Aceh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22373/hadhanah.v4i2.5677

Keywords:

Hadhanah, Parents, Muallaf, Child Welfare

Abstract

There is a discrepancy between Malaysia's positive law which stipulates that the right to hadhanah (custody) of a child must be given to Muslim parents, and the court ruling that gives non-Muslim mothers the authority to take care of the child. Therefore, there needs to be a deep understanding of how the decision contributes to the best interests of the child and the protection of the child. This article aims to analyze the implementation of hadhanah rights for parents of converts in Islamic family law in Malaysia. This study uses qualitative methods and normative legal approaches, focusing on the Federal Court decision No. 02-19-2007 (W) on the right of hadhanah for parents of converts in Malaysia. Data sources include laws, judges' decisions, and legal literature. Data were collected through literature studies and analyzed inductively. The results of the study show that the Federal Court's decision emphasizes the importance of mutual consent in decision-making related to custody, where the welfare of the child is the top priority. The decision underlines that child protection should include various aspects, such as collaborative custody, emotional well-being, appropriate religious education, and protection from negative influences. Thus, this research contributes to the development of Islamic family law and emphasizes the importance of child protection in the legal system.

References

Abdurrahman Al-Juzairi. Fikih Empat Mazhab. Jilid 2. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kausar, 2015.

Al-Nawawi, Abu-Zakariyya. “Al-Majmu Sharh Al-Muhadhdhab.” Dar Al-Fikr, Beyrouth, 1990.

Almakstur, Muhammad Abdi, Azni, Khairil Anwar, and Mardiana. “Fenomena Cerai Gugat Pada Pengadilan Agama Di Malaysia Dan Indonesia: Suatu Perspektif Psikologi Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Hukum Islam 21, no. 1 (2021).

Arfa, Faisar Ananda, and Watni Marpaung. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Islam. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group, 2018.

Arif, M I, and M A Al Farisi. “PERBANDINGAN PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM NEGARA PENGANUT MAZHAB SYAFII (MALAYSIA DAN YAMAN).” Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum …, 2023.

Aris Bintania. “Hak Asuh (Hadlanah) Isteri Murtad Menurut Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam.” Toleransi Vol. 3, no. 2 (2011).

Armia, Muhammad Siddiq. Penentuan Metode Dan Pendekatan Penelitian Hukum. Edited by Chairul Fahmi. Banda Aceh: LKKI, 2022.

Az-Zuhaili, Wahbah. Fiqh Islam Wa Adillatuhu, Terj. Abdul Hayyie Al-Kattani. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2010.

———. Fiqih Islami Wa Adillatuhu, Terj. Al-Hayyie Al-Kattani. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2011.

Burhanuddin A. Gani and Aja Mughnia, Konsep Hadhanah Perspektif Mazhab Syafi’i dan Implementasinya dalam Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Kota Banda Aceh Nomor 314/Pdt G/2017/MS Bna, El-Hadhanah : Indonesian Journal Of Family Law And Islamic Law, Vol. 1, No. 1, (2021). https://doi.org/10.22373/hadhanah.v1i1.1615.

Effendi, Satria. Problematika Hukum Keluarga Islam Kontemporer. 1st ed. Jakarta: Kencana Prenatamedia Group, 2010.

Fadani, Fadhil, and Muhammad Adib Alfarisi. “Penalaran Aturan Hukum Perlindungan Identitas Agama Pada Anak Dalam Konsep Hadhanah Di Malaysia.” As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Keluarga 6, no. 2 (2024): 1448–60.

Ghufron, M., and Moh. Ali. “Nalar Integrasi Fikih Dan Psikologi Keluarga Dalam Pandangan Hakim Agama Jawa Timur Tentang Hak Asuh Anak Pasangan Murtad.” AL-HUKAMA’ 10, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2020.10.1.73-98.

Habibi, Muhammad. “Legalitas Hukum Islam Dalam Sistem Peradilan Indonesia.” Media Syari’ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial 22, no. 2 (2021).

Habibi, Muhammad, Syahrizal Abbas, and Sitti Mawar. “Fasakh Nikah Dengan Alasan Sumai Miskin (Studi Perbandingan Antara Ulama Syafi’iyyah Dan Hukum Positif Di Indonesia).” Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-Undangan Dan Pranata Sosial 8, no. 2 (2018): 148–67.

Hidayatul Ulya, Fawzia, Fashi Hatul Lisaniyah, and Mu’amaroh Mu’amaroh. “Penguasaan Hak Asuh Anak Di Bawah Umur Kepada Bapak.” The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law and Civil Law 2, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.51675/jaksya.v2i1.176.

Hizzuan, MMBBM, and A Akbar. “Status Agama Anak Di Bawah Umur Menurut Mufti Negeri Selangor (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Sivil Selangor Nomor 10016-010-0156).” KABILAH: Journal of Social … 8, no. 1 (2023): 1212–21.

Ibnu Mas’ud dan Zainal Abidin. Fiqh Madzhab Syafi’i: Buku 2, Muamalat, Munakahat, Jinayat. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2007.

Ibnu Rusyd. Bidayatul Mujtahid. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2000.

Irianto, Sulistyowati. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Dalam Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Hukum. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 2017. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol32.no2.1339.

Karma, Adi. “Proses Penyelesaian Sengketa Hadhanah Karena Istri Murtad Menurut Wahbah Al-Zuhaili Dan Relevansinya Dengan Hukum Islam Di Indonesia.” Institut Agama Islam Negeri, 2021.

Lembaga Penyelidikan Undang-Undang. Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan) 1984 (Akta 303), Pub. L. No. Golden Books Centre Sdn. Bhd (2001).

Makatungkang, Ramli. “Penerapan Hukum Islam Di Malaysia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 1, no. 1 (1957).

Mariani Omar & Siti Sarah Hamzah. “Gaya Asuhan Ibu Bapa Terhadap Anak-Anak Dalam Kalangan Kakitangan Kolej Universiti Islam Sultan Azlan Shah.” Al Qimah Al Mudhafah The Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 2 (2016): 1–12. http://alqimah.usas.edu.my/images/issue2/paper1.pdf.

Maryanti, Berliana Hajariah. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam Tentang Peralihan Hak Asuh Anak Dibawah Umur Kepada Ayahnya Dengan Alasan Mempertahankan Harta Bersama (Studi Kasus Pasca Perceraian Di Desa Bungkuk Kec. Marga Sekampung Kabupaten Lampung Timur),” 2021, 2.

MD SAPİR, Ana Shakirah, Ruviyasmeen NASYWA RUSLAN, and Siti Atilia Ahmad TARUSAN. “Examining the Demographic Factors Influencing Malaysians’ Attitudes Toward Cash Waqf.” International Journal of Business and Economic Studies 5, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1117797.

Nasohah, Zaini, Abdel Wadoud Moustafa Moursi Elseoudi, and Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim. “Status Agama Anak Bagi Ibubapa Yang Memeluk Agama Islam Di Malaysia.” Jurnal Syariah 18, no. 2 (2010): 433–52.

Rahma, Nur Afiqah binti. “Penyelesaian Sangketa Hadhanah Di Mahkamah Tinggi Syariah Malaka Tengah Dalam Perspektif Pembaharuan Hukum Islam.” Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 12, no. 01 (2018). https://doi.org/10.30631/al-risalah.v12i01.431.

Sabiq, Sayyid. Fiqh Sunnah. Jakarta: Cakrawali Publishing, 2008.

Saebani, Beni Ahmad. Fiqh Munakahat: Buku 1. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2001.

Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji. “Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Umum.” In Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2007.

Sugitanata, Arif. “Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Brunei Darussalam (Studi Analisis Terhadap Pembaharuan Hukum Islam).” Al-Qadha : Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Perundang-Undangan 8, no. 1 (2021).

Wahbah az-Zuhaili. Tafsir Al-Munir. Aqidah, Syari’ah, Manhaj, 2016.

Wong, Diana, and Arfan Aziz. “Ethnogenesis and Migrant Muslim Religious Life in Malaysia.” Kontekstualita: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 28, no. 1 (2013): 1–14.

Yuliani, Dina. “Studi Atas Pandangan Mazhab Syafi’iyyah Tentang Hak Hadhanah Karena Istri Murtad: Studi Terhadap Pandangan Imam An-Nawawi Dalam Kitab Majmu’ Syarh Al-Muhazzab.” Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, 2009.