Pernikahan Beda Agama Menurut Ibnu ‘Ajibah: Analisis Tafsir Al- Bahr al-Madid Fi Tafsir al-Quran al-Majid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/quranicum.v1i1.4665Keywords:
Pernikahan, Beda Agama, Ibnu 'AjibahAbstract
This article is motivated by the observation that a shared faith does not guarantee a harmonious marriage. Couples of the same faith are not always harmonious, and sometimes interfaith couples are more harmonious. However, this does not mean that interfaith marriage is better or legally permissible. The discussion about interfaith marriage remains a debate, particularly concerning the term "musyrikat." The term "musyrikah" is often restricted to women of the People of the Book, while "musyrikin" is not restricted. This paper uses the framework of Tafsir Al-Bahr al-Madid by Ibn 'Ajibah to analyze his views on interfaith marriage. This study is qualitative, utilizing library research methods. The findings indicate that in interpreting Surah al-Baqarah verse 221, Ibn 'Ajibah divides his interpretation into two aspects: zahir (literal) and bathin (esoteric). From the zahir aspect, musyrikat women are non-Muslim women who are not from the People of the Book, thus marriage between a Muslim man and a musyrikat woman is prohibited, and vice versa. From the esoteric aspect, Ibn 'Ajibah interprets musyrikat as desires containing minor shirk (syirkul asghar). This shirk refers to acknowledging a power other than Allah or excessive admiration and obedience to Allah's creations. The term musyrikat is also understood as a Muslim woman who has not yet achieved perfect faith. Ibn 'Ajibah prohibits forming close relationships and love while someone still harbors minor shirk. However, if the man's faith is perfect, he is allowed to marry a woman with minor shirk.
Abstract: Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan bahwa satu keyakinan tidak menjamin keharmonisan perkawinan. Pasangan seiman tidak selalu harmonis, dan kadang pasangan beda agama lebih harmonis. Namun, ini bukan berarti pernikahan beda keyakinan lebih baik atau dibolehkan secara hukum. Pembahasan tentang nikah beda agama masih menjadi perdebatan, terutama dari lafadz musyrikat. Kata musyrikah sering dibatasi pada perempuan ahli kitab, sementara kata musyrikin tidak dibatasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan Tafsir Al-Bahr al-Madid karya Ibnu ‘Ajibah untuk menganalisis pandangannya tentang pernikahan beda agama. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan metode library research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam menafsirkan surah al-Baqarah ayat 221, Ibn 'Ajibah membaginya menjadi dua aspek: zahir (Nadhari) dan bathin (Ishari). Dari aspek zahir, wanita musyrikat adalah wanita non-Islam dan bukan ahli kitab, sehingga pernikahan antara pria muslim dan wanita musyrikat haram, begitu juga sebaliknya. Dari aspek isyari, Ibnu ‘Ajibah mengartikan musyrikat sebagai hawa nafsu yang mengandung syirkul asghar (syirik kecil). Syirik ini adalah pengakuan adanya kekuasaan selain Allah atau ketaatan kepada makhluk Allah yang berlebihan. Lafadz musyrikat juga dipahami sebagai wanita muslim yang belum beriman sempurna. Ibnu ‘Ajibah melarang akad suhbah dan percintaan selama seseorang masih mengandung syirik khafi. Namun, jika iman lelaki sudah sempurna, dibolehkan menikah dengan wanita yang masih syirik khafi.
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