KENANGA : Journal of Biological Sciences and Applied Biology

KEANEKARAGAMAN BURUNG DI KAWASAN MANGROVE KOTA BANDA ACEH

Rizky Ahadi — 2024-10-30

Birds, as natural inhabitants of mangrove areas, play an important role in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem and its components. This research aims to determine the species diversity index of birds in the mangrove ecosystem of Banda Aceh City. The method used is an exploratory survey, conducting direct observations at each research location using purposive sampling. Field data collection was carried out in May 2022. Birds diversity data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index. The results identified 17 bird species from 11 families, with the birds species diversity index in the mangrove ecosystem of Banda Aceh City falling into the moderate category (H’ = 1.99). These findings indicate that the mangrove ecosystem in Banda Aceh has significant potential in supporting biodiversity, which is crucial for further management and conservation efforts.

STATUS KONSERVASI BURUNG DI KAWASAN AIR TERJUN TINGKAT TUJUH KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN

Muna Ulfiyah — 2024-10-30

Conservation status of birds can be interpreted as the breeding status of birds or the status of species in protected natural areas. Birds play a crucial role in dispersing various types of plants, such as fruits and seeds. This study aims to identify data on bird species categorized under conservation status in the Seven-Tier Waterfall area of South Aceh Regency, to serve as a basis for conservation actions and bird protection efforts. The methods used in this research include Exploratory Surveys and Point Count. Conservation status refers to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation (PERMENLHK) P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) is used to determine national trade status. The results of the study on the conservation status of birds in the Seven-Tier Waterfall area of South Aceh Regency are classified into 3 IUCN categories: LC (Least Concern) with 21 bird species, NT (Near Threatened) with 2 bird species, and VU (Vulnerable) with 2 bird species. Additionally, according to CITES, there are 3 bird species listed in Appendix II. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation (PERMENLHK) P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018, there are 4 protected bird species in the Seven-Tier Waterfall area of South Aceh Regency.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM BIOFLOK UNTUK PENINGKATAN BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE: PERSPEKTIF ZOOLOGI DAN EKOLOGI

Wiwit Artika — 2024-10-30

Catfish (Clarias sp.) aquaculture is a promising sector with high economic potential in Indonesia. However, challenges related to production efficiency and environmental sustainability often hinder its growth. This study investigates the design and implementation of a biofloc system aimed at enhancing catfish (Clarias sp.) aquaculture in Gampong Mata Ie, Montasik, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. The biofloc technology presents a promising solution to the challenges of production efficiency and environmental sustainability in catfish farming by optimizing water quality and maximizing feed utilization through efficient nitrogen cycling. Employing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the research involved a comprehensive site survey to assess initial conditions and specific requirements of local catfish farming. The biofloc system design encompassed material selection, pond configuration, and technical parameters such as aeration, water circulation, and organic carbon supplementation. Implementation results demonstrated significant improvements in water quality, with ammonia and nitrite levels maintained within safe limits. Additionally, catfish growth was optimized, evidenced by lower feed conversion ratios, indicating enhanced feed efficiency. From a zoological perspective, the biofloc system provides an environment that closely mimics natural conditions, supporting the welfare of catfish. Ecologically, this technology mitigates negative environmental impacts by minimizing waste and water usage. The application of biofloc technology in Gampong Mata Ie underscores its potential to not only enhance production outcomes but also contribute to local economic and environmental sustainability. This research concludes that the biofloc system design and implementation represent an effective and sustainable strategy for catfish farming, offering significant benefits from both zoological and ecological perspectives. It is anticipated that these findings will serve as a reference for catfish farming developers in similar regions and promote the broader adoption of biofloc technology in the Indonesian aquaculture industry.

PROFIL SENYAWA ANTIKANKER PADA ORGAN TANAMAN JATI (Tectona grandis L.f) DENGAN METODE GC-MS (GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY)

Diky Setya Diningrat — 2024-10-30

Kanker adalah suatu kondisi yang ditandai dengan perkembangan sel yang tidak terkendali, dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, obat herbal yang mengandung sifat antikanker dapat digunakan untuk menghambat proliferasi sel lebih lanjut. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan membandingkan kandungan antikanker pada berbagai bagian tanaman jati (Tectona grandis Lf) menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Ekstrak tanaman jati dari daun tua, daun muda, bunga, dan buah diperoleh melalui ekstraksi Soxhlet. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan perbandingan 1:10 dengan lama ekstraksi 2-3 hari, memerlukan 10 siklus dengan 500 gram simplisia dan 5 liter metanol. Ekstrak yang dipekatkan menjadi pasta kental dengan menggunakan rotary evaporator menghasilkan ekstrak daun tua 53,06 gram, daun muda 46,14 gram, bunga 36,23 gram, dan buah 19,74 gram. Ekstrak ini dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS, dan senyawa bioaktif yang diidentifikasi diperiksa lebih lanjut bioaktivitasnya menggunakan database PubChem NCBI dan PASS online. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa tanaman jati mengandung 58 senyawa antikanker, yaitu pada organ daun muda terdapat 28 senyawa fitokima yang berfungsi untuk aktivitas antikanker. Pada daun tua memperoleh 16 senyawa bioaktif yang berfungsi sebagai antikanker. Bunga memperoleh 18 senyawa yang berpotensi untuk antikanker dan buah menghasilkan 17 senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker dengan golongan senyawa terbanyak yang ditemukan yaitu golongan terpenoid. Terpenoid diketahui mempengaruhi kematian sel kanker melalui mekanisme apoptosis.

TOKSISITAS ORAL AKUT SINGLE-DOSE EKSTRAK ETANOLIK DAUN GAHARU Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) GALUR WISTAR

Laksmindra Fitria — 2024-10-30

Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk., one of tree species producing agarwood, has been utilized by the people of Southeast Asia (particularly Indonesia and Malaysia) as a component in traditional medicine due to their phytochemical constituents. This study was carried out to assess acute toxicity of oral administration of ethanolic extract of A.malaccensis (EEAM) using female Wistar rats as model animal. Procedure in accordance with OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Test No. 423 with administration dose of 2000 mg/kg bw (single-dose). Parameters observed including signs of toxicity, body weight, body temperature, hematological profile (complete blood count), as well as evaluation of liver function (ALT and bilirubin) and renal function (BUN and creatinine). Data were analyzed statistically based on one-way ANOVA (ɑ=0.05) continued with Duncan's post hoc test (ɑ=0.05) and visualized as line charts. Results showed that neither mortality nor sublethal effects were recorded during 14 days of the experiment. The chart exhibited that the group received EEAM demonstrated a comparable trend to the control group for all parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that EEAM is safe or no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for single-dose oral administration at the dose of 2000 mg/kg bw. If standardized following the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), EEAM is classified in Category 5 (LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg bw). Based on this finding, we will continue to conduct further study to assess the repeated-dose acute oral toxicity of EEAM (subacute period)

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN AGAR, PROKSIMAT DAN PIGMEN RUMPUT LAUT Gracilaria sp. PADA PERAIRAN ULEE LHEUE KECAMATAN MEURAXA KOTA BANDA ACEH

Muhammad Haikal — 2024-10-30

Gracilaria sp. adalah salah satu spesies rumput laut yang memiliki kandungan agar, proksimat dan pigmen. Ketiga kandungan tersebut banyak digunakan dalam bidang industri, bioteknologi dan sebagai makanan yang baik dan sehat.Penelitian ini menggali potensi budidaya Gracilaria sp. di sepanjang pesisir Ulee Lheue, Kota Banda Aceh, berdasarkan kandungan agar, proksimat dan pigmen. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk analisis Agar adalah gravimetri dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, untuk analisis proksimat mengacu pada metode standar Associationof Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Pengujian pigmen menggunakan metode maserasi tunggal serta dikarakterisasi menggunakan UV-Vis. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa kadar agar rumput laut Gracilaria sp. sebesar 17,1%. Untuk kadar proksimat yaitu kadar abu 12,46 %, kadar air 11,04 %, kadar lemak 1.63 %, kadar protein 13.32%, dan kadar karbohidrat 61,55 %. Kadar pigmen rumput laut Gracilaria sp. diperoleh sebesar 5,28 %, kadar klorofil a 3,43 μg⁄g dan kadar karotenoid 1,6 μg⁄g.