ANALYSIS OF THE VALIDITY OF COMMERCIAL INSURANCE CONTRACTS (AL-TA'MĪN AL-TIJĀRĪ) ACCORDING TO RAFĪQ YŪNUS MIṢRĪ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/al-mudharabah.v6i2.8346Keywords:
Fiqh Muamalah, Asuransi Komersial, Al-Ta'min Al-TijariAbstract
This study examines the validity of commercial insurance contracts (al-ta'mīn al-tijārī) from the perspective of muamalah fiqh, focusing on the opinion of Rafīq Yūnus Miṣrī. Insurance (ta'mīn) is a contemporary muamalah instrument that has developed rapidly in the modern economic system and is divided into two primary forms, namely social insurance (ta'mīn ta'āwunī/takāfulī) and commercial insurance (ta'mīn al-tijārī). The validity of social insurance is relatively uncontroversial because most ulama allow it. However, the legal status of commercial insurance is still debated, given that most contemporary ulama reject it because it contains elements of gharar, maisir, riba, and jihālah. Conversely, Rafīq Yūnus Miṣrī considers commercial insurance to be valid because it does not contain any elements that would invalidate the contract and actually brings benefits. The research method used is a conceptual approach with normative legal research. The research data was obtained through library research, covering primary legal materials in the form of the works of Rafīq Yūnus Miṣrī, as well as secondary legal materials from related books and articles. The analysis used a descriptive-prescriptive method to understand the legal position and assess its relevance in contemporary muamalah. The results of the study show that there are three types of views among the ulama: (1) rejecting both forms of insurance, (2) accepting social insurance but rejecting commercial insurance, and (3) accepting both. Rafīq Yūnus Miṣrī belongs to the third group with the argument that the main difference lies only in the motivation for profit (ribḥ), which remains valid as long as it provides benefits. Based on the principle of maṣlaḥah, commercial insurance can provide benefits for both participants and management companies so that it can be categorised as a valid contract according to contemporary Islamic law. This study emphasises the importance of contextual reasoning in muamalah fiqh to respond to the challenges of ever-evolving modern transactions.
References
Al-’Amdunī, Luṭfī bin Hamadī. Al-Biṭāqāt Al-Bankiyyah fī Fiqh Islāmī. TASQ Company, t.t.
Al-Miṣrī, Rafīq Yūnus. Al-Khaṭar wa Al-Ta’mīn: Hal Al-Ta’mīn Al-Tijārī Jā’izun Syar’an. Damaskus: Dār Al-Qalam, 2001.
———. Buḥūṡ fī Al-Iqtiṣād Al-Islāmī. Damaskus: Dār Al-Maktabī, 2009.
———. Fiqh Al-Mu’āmalāt Al-Māliyyah. Damaskus: Dār Al-Qalam, 2005.
———. Uṣūl Al-Iqtiṣād Al-Islāmī. Damaskus: Dār Al-Qalam, 2010.
Al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. Al-Ḥalāl wa Al-Ḥarām fī Al-Islām. (Terj: M. Tatam Wijaya),. Jakarta: Qalam, 2017.
Al-Qurṭubī, Abī Bakr. Jāmi’ li Aḥkām Al-Qur’ān. (Terj: Masturi Irham, Dkk). Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2009.
Al-Sālūs, ’Alī Aḥmad. Al-Iqtiṣād Al-Islāmī wa Al-Qaḍāyā Al-Fiqhiyyah Al-Mu’āṣirah. Qatar: Dār Al-Ṡaqāfah Al-Dūḥah, 1998.
Al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Jarīr. Jāmi’ Al-Bayān ’an Ta’wīl Ayy Al-Qur’ān. (Terj: Amir Hamzah, Dkk),. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2009.
Al-Zuḥailī, Muḥammad. Al-Ta’mīn ‘ala Al-Duyūn fī Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī. Kuwait: Jāmi’ah Al-Syarī’ah, 2006.
Al-Zuḥailī, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh. Jilid 5, (Terj: Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani, Dkk),. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2012.
———. Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh. Jilid 6, (Terj: Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani, Dkk),. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2012.
Cahyandari, Rini, Neng Hani Rahmawati, dan Irwan Girana. Asuransi Syariah Model Integrasi dengan Python. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada-Rajawali Pers, 2024.
Echols, John M., dan Hassan Shadily. Kamus Indonesia Inggris. Edisi Ketiga,. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1992.
Efendi, Jonaedi, dan Johnny Ibrahim. Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2018.
Ekapaksi, Linggar, dan A. M. Hasan Ali. “Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Putusan Kasus Asuransi Syariah.” Jurnal Paradigma Vol. 19, no. 2 (Agustus 2022): 25–40. https://doi.org/10.33558/paradigma.v19i2.4571.
Ghazaly, Abdul Rahman, Ghufron Ihsan, dan Sapiudin Shidiq. Fiqh Muamalat. 1, Cet. 4 ed. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2015.
Gibtiah. Fikih Kontemporer. 1, Cet. 2 ed. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2018.
Hasanah, Uswatun. “Asuransi Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum, Vol. 47, no. 1 (Januari 2013): 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v47i1.63.
Maḥmūd, ‘Abd Al-Laṭīf Maḥmūd Ālū. Ta’mīn Al-Ijtimā’ī fī Ḍau’ Al-Syarī’ah Al-Islāmiyyah. Beirut: Dār Al-Nafā’is, 1994.
Manan, Abdul. Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dalam Perspektif Kewenangan Peradilan Agama. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2016.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Cet. 13,. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2017.
Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Jakarta Memeriksa dan Mengadili pada Tingkat Banding dalam Sidang Musyawarah Majelis Telah Menjatuhkan Putusan dalam Perkara Asuransi Syariah, Putusan Nomor 7/Pdt.G/2023/PTA.JK (Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Jakarta 2023). https://ditbinganis.badilag.net/ekonomisyariah/dokumen_putusan/1785.pdf.
Sā’id ‘Abd Al-‘Aẓīm. Akhṭa’ Syā’i’ah fi Al-Buyū’ wa Ḥukm Ba’ḍu Al-Mu’āmalāt. (Terj: Iman Firdaus), Cet. 2,. Jakarta: Qisthi Press, 2014.
Soemitra, Andri. Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2017.
Sula, Muhammad Syaikir. Asuransi Syariah (Life and General): Konsep dan Sistem Operasional. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2016.
Suma, Muhammad Amin, dan Iim Qo’imudin Amin. Asuransi Syariah di Indonesia: Telaah Teologis, Historis, Sosiologis, Yuridis dan Futurologis. Jakarta: Amzah, 2020.
Syābirā, Muḥammad Umar. Mustaqbal ’Ilm Al-Iqtiṣād min Manẓūr Al-Islāmī. Damaskus: Dār Al-Fikr, 2004.
Syubair, Muḥammad ‘Uṡmān. Al-Mu’āmalāt Al-Māliyyah Al-Mu’āṣirah fī Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī. Yordania: Dār Al-Nafā’is, 2007.
Tim Pustaka Phoenix. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Edisi Ketiga, Cet. 3,. Jakarta: Pustaka Phoenix, 2012.
Waluyo, Atep H. Fikih Muamalah Keuangan Kontemporer. Banyumas: Wawasan Ilmu, 2025.
Wirdyaningsih, Karnaen Perwataatmadja, Gemala Dewi, dan Yeni Salma Barlinti. Bank dan Asuransi di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2005.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Mudharabah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
