Pangaribuan, N. The Relevance of Ibn Khaldun Concept of ’Ashabiyah to the Advancement of Science During the Mamluk Dynasty: Relevansi Konsep ‘Ashabiyah Ibn Khaldun Dalam Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Pada Masa Dinasti Mamluk. IJIHC 2026, 7, 31-39.