The Relevance of Ibn Khaldun Concept of ’Ashabiyah to the Advancement of Science During the Mamluk Dynasty: Relevansi Konsep ‘Ashabiyah Ibn Khaldun Dalam Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Pada Masa Dinasti Mamluk. IJIHC 2026, 7 (1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.22373/ijihc.v7i1.9626.