True Dreams in Hadith: An Authenticity Critique and Its Implications for Islamic Spirituality

Authors

  • Muhammad Zaini Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh

Keywords:

ar-ru`yah al-hasanah, perspektif, hadits

Abstract

Abstract

This article examines the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) about ar-ru'yā al-ḥasanah (true dreams) with a focus on analyzing the validity of sanad and matan as well as the meaning of the hadith through the sharḥ al-ḥadīṡ approach. In the Islamic thought, dreams are understood through two main tendencies: first, as a transcendent phenomenon related to the supernatural dimension and potentially a means of conveying divine signals; Second, as a psychological phenomenon that is subjective and has no theological significance. These differences of view require a critical and methodological study of hadith so that the understanding of dreams does not exceed the limits of the authority of Islamic teachings. This research uses a qualitative approach based on library research, with primary data sources in the form of authoritative hadith books, especially Sunan Ibn Mājah, as well as supporting literature in the field of hadith science. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of hadith takhrīj, i'tibār sanad, sanad criticism, and matan criticism, then followed by textual and contextual analysis of the meaning of hadith. The results of the study show that the hadith about ar-ru'yā al-ḥasanah narrated by Ibn Mājah is ṣaḥīḥ quality from the aspects of sanad and matan and strengthened by the narration in other primary hadith books. The content of the hadith emphasizes that true dreams are part of al-mubasysyirāt (good news) which is personal and non-normative and cannot be equated with prophetic revelation. Thus, this hadith provides a theological foundation in understanding the phenomenon of dreams in Islam.

Abstrak

Artikel ini mengkaji hadis Nabi SAW tentang ar-ru’yā al-asanah (mimpi yang benar) dengan fokus pada analisis validitas sanad dan matan serta pemaknaan hadis melalui pendekatan syar al-adī. Dalam khazanah pemikiran Islam, mimpi dipahami melalui dua kecenderungan utama: pertama, sebagai fenomena transenden yang berkaitan dengan dimensi gaib dan berpotensi menjadi sarana penyampaian isyarat ilahi; kedua, sebagai fenomena psikologis yang bersifat subjektif dan tidak memiliki signifikansi teologis. Perbedaan pandangan tersebut menuntut kajian hadis yang kritis dan metodologis agar pemahaman terhadap mimpi tidak melampaui batas otoritas ajaran Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan (library research), dengan sumber data primer berupa kitab-kitab hadis otoritatif, khususnya Sunan Ibn Mājah, serta literatur pendukung dalam bidang ilmu hadis. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan takhrīj hadis, i‘tibār sanad, kritik sanad, dan kritik matan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis pemaknaan hadis secara tekstual dan kontekstual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hadis tentang ar-ru’yā al-asanah yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mājah berkualitas ṣaḥīḥ dari aspek sanad dan matan, serta diperkuat oleh periwayatan dalam kitab hadis primer lainnya. Kandungan hadis tersebut menegaskan bahwa mimpi yang benar merupakan bagian dari al-mubasysyirāt (kabar gembira) yang bersifat personal dan non-normatif, serta tidak dapat disetarakan dengan wahyu kenabian. Dengan demikian, hadis ini memberikan landasan teologis yang proporsional dalam memahami fenomena mimpi dalam Islam.

 

References

REFERENCES

Akbar, M. Alhafidh, Abd Wahid, and Taslim HM Yasin. “The Digital Turn in Ḥadīth Studies: Ethical Foundations and Strategic Directions.” El-Sunan: Journal of Hadith and Religious Studies 3, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22373/el-sunan.v3i1.6274.

Al-’Asqalany, Ibn Hajar. Fath Al-Barry. Al-Maktabah AL-Salafiyyah, n.d.

Anas, Malik bin. Al-Muwaththa’. Juz 2. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, n.d.

Arifin, Zainul. Studi Kitab Hadis. Surabaya: Al-Muna, 2013.

Arroisi, Jarman. “Ru’yā and Dream Interpretation: A Comparative Analysis of Islamic Tradition and Western Psychological Perspectives.” Empirisma: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan Islam 34, no. 1 (2025): 1–26.

Assagaf, M. Yusuf. “SUMBER MIMPI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADIS.” Jurnal Diskursus Islam 06, no. 2 (2018).

Azami, Muhammad Mustafa. Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature. Amerika: American Trust Publications, 1978.

Badran, Badran Abu Al-‘Ainain. Ushul Al-Fiqh Al-Islamy. Iskandaria: Muassasah Sabab Al-Jami’ah, n.d.

Bakhtiar, Amsal. Filsafat Ilmu. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2012.

Brown, Jonathan. “Vision, Dream, and Prophetic Authority.” Journal of Hadith Studies 6, no. 2 (2023).

Brown, Jonathan A.C. Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. London: Oneworld Publications, 2009.

Haleem, Abdel. “Prophetic Dreams and Historical Fulfillment.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies 24, no. 1 (2022).

Hanbal, Imam Ahmad bin. Musnad Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal. 3rd ed. Dar al-Fikr, n.d.

Hasballah, Ahmad ‘Ubaydi. Ilmu Living Qur’an-Hadis: Ontologi, Epistemologi, Dan Aksiologi. Tangerang Selatan: Darussunnah, 2019.

Hudaya, Hairul. “METODOLOGI KRITIK MATAN HADIS MENURUT AL-ADLABIDARI TEORI KE APLIKASI.” Ilmu Ushuluddin 13, no. 1 (2014): 29–40.

Imam al-Bukhary. Shahih Al-Bukhary. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyah, 1992.

Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. “Epistemology of Revelation in Islamic Theology.” Islamic Studies 59, no. 3 (2020).

M.Syhudi Ismail. Metodologi Penelitian Hadits Nabi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1992.

Majah, Imam Ibnu. Sunan Ibnu Majah. Juz 2. Dar al-Fikr, n.d.

Masrukhin. “Interpretasi Mimpi Dalam Perspektif Hadits Dan Teori Sigmund Freud Serta Implikasinya Terhadap Pendidikan Mental.” Risalah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam 9, no. 2 (2023): 792–830.

Motzki, Harald. Hadith: Origins and Developments. Oxford: Routledge, 2016.

Nurhayat, Muhamad Arpah. “MIMPI DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM.” Jurnal Ilmu Agama: Mengkaji Doktrin, Pemikiran, Dan Fenomena Agama 17, no. 1 (2016): 63–77. https://doi.org/https:// jurnal. radenfatah.ac.id/ index.php/JIA/article/view/638.

Qadhi, Yasir. “Modes of Revelation in Islamic Thought.” Arabica 68, no. 1 (n.d.).

Rahman, Fazlur. “Dream, Imagination, and Revelation in the Qur’an.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies 22, no. 2 (2020).

Saeed, Abdullah. “Symbolism and Meaning in Qur’anic Stories.” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 33, no. 1 (2022).

Saleh, Walid. “Narrative Theology in Classical Tafsir.” Oriens 49, no. 1 (2021).

Shah, Mustafa. “Authority and Revelation in Qur’anic Narrative.” Journal of Islamic Studies 32, no. 2 (2021).

Shihab, M. Quraish. Tafsir Al-Misbah: Pesan, Kesan Dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an 1. Tanggerang: Lentera Hati, 2017.

Stewart, Devin. “Prophetic Consciousness in Islamic Thought.” Numen 70, no. 3 (2023).

Suhbah, Muhammad Abu. Fi Shihhat Al-Sittah. Kairo: Jami’ Al-Buhuts Al-Islamiyyah, n.d.

Syamsuddin, Sahiron. “KAIDAH KEMUTTASILAN SANAD HADIS (Studi Kritis Terhadap Pendapat Syuhudi Ismail).” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 15, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2014.1501-05.

Taves, Ann. “Revelatory Events Reconsidered.” Religion 52, no. 2 (2021).

Thahhan, Mahmud. Ushul Al-Takhrij Wa Dirasah Al-Asanid. Halb: Mathba’ah Al-‘Arabiyyah, 1978.

Wahid, Abd., Mazlan Ibrahim, Bukhori Abdul Shomad, Andri Nirwana AN, and Damanhuri Damanhuri. “UTILIZING ZUHD HADITHS FOR UPPER-CLASS CRIME PREVENTION.” Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 23, no. 2 (August 2023): 263. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v23i2.17353.

Yasmanto, Ali. “STUDI KRITIK MATAN HADIS: Kajian Teoritis Dan Aplikatif Untuk Menguji Kesahihan Matan Hadis.” Al-Bukhārī: Jurnal Ilmu Hadis 2, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/http:dx.doi.org/10.32505/al-bukhārī.v2i2.1323.

Downloads

Published

2025-10-30

How to Cite

Zaini, M. (2025). True Dreams in Hadith: An Authenticity Critique and Its Implications for Islamic Spirituality. El-Sunan: Journal of Hadith and Religious Studies, 3(2), 181–198. Retrieved from https://journal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/El-Sunan/article/view/9424

Issue

Section

Articles