The Criteria For Zahir And Batin Dimensions in Al-Mahaimi’s Tafsir Ishari
Keywords:
al-Mahaimi, Sufism, batin, Qur’anic interpretation, IsyariAbstract
This study aims to analyze the principles governing the relationship between exoteric (ẓāhir) and esoteric (bāṭin) meanings in the Qur’anic interpretation of Alauddin Ali ibn Ahmad al-Maha’imi (d. 835 AH) through his exegetical work Tabsīr al-Raḥmān wa Taysīr al-Mannān bi Ba‘ḍ Mā Yushīr ilā I‘jāz al-Qur’ān. The research is motivated by the longstanding debate concerning the legitimacy of Ishārī (mystical) exegesis within the Islamic interpretive tradition, particularly regarding the interaction between the literal and spiritual dimensions of the Qur’an. This study employs a library research method using exegetical, Sufi, and historical approaches, supported by content analysis. Primary data are drawn from al-Maha’imi’s tafsīr, while secondary sources include works on Ishārī exegesis, Qur’anic studies, and relevant academic literature. The findings reveal that al-Maha’imi adopts an integrative interpretive model that harmonizes exoteric and esoteric meanings. He consistently treats the literal meaning as the foundation of interpretation before developing its spiritual implications. His Ishārī interpretations generally conform to the criteria established by Sunni scholars: they do not negate the apparent meaning of the text, do not contradict Islamic law, possess linguistic justification, maintain relevance to the context of the verse, and do not claim exclusive authority for the esoteric meaning. The distinctive features of al-Maha’imi’s tafsīr include a strong emphasis on thematic and contextual coherence (munāsabah), extensive use of tafsīr bi al-ma’thūr, and the integration of Sufi values within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah. Therefore, al-Maha’imi’s work may be classified as a moderate form of Ishārī exegesis that successfully reconciles the outward and inward dimensions of Qur’anic interpretation
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kaidah hubungan antara makna zahir dan batin dalam penafsiran Alauddin Ali bin Ahmad al-Maha’imi (w. 835 H) melalui karya tafsirnya Tabsīr al-Raḥmān wa Taysīr al-Mannān bi Ba‘ḍ Mā Yushīr ilā I‘jāz al-Qur’ān. Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perdebatan yang panjang mengenai legitimasi tafsir isyari dalam tradisi tafsir Islam, khususnya terkait hubungan antara makna literal dan makna spiritual Al-Qur’an. Artikel ini menggunakan metode Penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan tafsir, tasawuf, dan historis, serta didukung oleh analisis isi (content analysis). Sumber data primer berasal dari tafsir al-Maha’imi, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur tafsir isyari, ulum al-Qur’an, dan berbagai kajian akademik yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa al-Maha’imi menerapkan model penafsiran integratif yang memadukan makna zahir dan batin secara harmonis. Ia menjadikan makna zahir sebagai fondasi utama penafsiran sebelum mengembangkan dimensi spiritual yang terkandung dalam ayat. Penafsiran isyari yang dikemukakannya secara umum memenuhi kaidah yang diterima para ulama, yaitu tidak menafikan makna zahir, tidak bertentangan dengan Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah, memiliki landasan kebahasaan yang kuat, relevan dengan konteks ayat, serta tidak mengklaim makna batin sebagai satu-satunya makna yang dimaksud oleh teks. Kekhasan tafsir al-Maha’imi terletak pada perhatiannya yang besar terhadap munasabah ayat, penggunaan tafsir bi al-ma’tsur, serta integrasi nilai-nilai tasawuf dalam kerangka Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah. Dengan demikian, tafsir al-Maha’imi dapat dikategorikan sebagai tafsir isyari moderat yang berhasil mengharmoniskan dimensi zahir dan batin dalam penafsiran Al-Qur’an.
Kata kunci: al-Maha’imi, tafsir isyari, makna batin, tasawuf, penafsiran Al-Qur’an.
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