FROM ALMS TO AUTOMATION: Digital Pathways for Zakat Compliance in Shrimp Farming Communities of Desa Cot Muda Itam, Aceh Timur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/aiszawa.v2i1.9770Keywords:
Agricultural Zakat, Blockchain, Digital Compliance, Shrimp Farming, Maqasid al-Shariah.Abstract
This study diagnoses low agricultural zakat compliance among shrimp farmers in Desa Cot Muda Itam, Aceh Timur, where only 35.0% of nisab-qualified farmers pay formally, while 62.3% substitute zakat with informal sedekah. Through Participatory Action Research (PAR) with 20 farmers, Baitul Mal staff, and fintech developers, we identify systemic barriers: (1) 78.0% nisab miscalculation due to tidal yield conversions and price volatility, (2) institutional distrust (62.5% rate transparency ≤2/5; 15.7% admin costs exceeding juristic 12.5% cap), and (3) geographical isolation (52.0% face >15km travel). In response, co-design workshops yielded two context-specific digital tools: an SMS Nisab Calculator (integrating real-time shrimp prices/tidal data; reducing calculation time from 45±12 to 2.3±0.7 minutes) and a USSD Blockchain Tracker (#123# balance checks on Nokia 105 phones). An 8-week pilot (n=40) demonstrated transformative outcomes: administrative costs fell to 12.3% (t=5.82, p=0.003), poor-recipient allocation surged to 76.1% (t=9.31, p<0.001), formal compliance rose to 68.5%, and nisab accuracy reached 95.2%. Blockchain logs ensured zero fund misallocation. Adoption intent increased 41.2 percentage points post-workshop (p<0.001). The findings prove that non-compliance stems from institutional misalignment—not religious resistance—and is resolvable through maqasid-aligned digitalization. We propose three scalable principles: sector-specific precision (embedding agrarian variables), grassroots co-ownership (farmer-led prototyping), and institutional integration (blockchain-enforced juristic rules). This model offers a blueprint for transforming Islamic social finance in Global South agrarian economies by converting untapped zakat potential into automated, equitable poverty alleviation.
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