KAJIAN POTENSI RUMPUT LAUT COKLAT Sargassum SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22373/amina.v4i3.5532Keywords:
Sargassum, Pupuk organik cair, Alginat, BiofertilizerAbstract
Rumput laut coklat Sargassum memiliki banyak senyawa kimia yang dapat dimanfaatkan bagi industri kesehatan, obat-batan, makanan, dan juga
pertanian. Beberapa senyawa kimia penting dari Sargassum diantaranya adalah alginat, florotanin, fukoidan, dan metabolit primer seperti karbohidrat, protein, serta asam lemak. Kandungan mineral yang beragam, seperti Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, S, Zn, juga dimiliki oleh spesies ini. Zat-zat tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan kesuburan tanah yang ramah lingkungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk merangkum kandungan senyawa apa saja di dalam Sargassum dan sejauh mana riset tentang potensi spesies ini sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik cair (POC) telah dilakukan.
References
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Asha, K.S., Johnson, M., Renisheya, J.J. Phytochemical composition of Sargassum polycystum c. Agardh and Sargassum duplicatum j. Agardh. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 7, Issue 8, 393-397.
Asmara, A. P., Sedyadi, E., & Zette, I. F. 2020. Characteristics of liquid product of alkaline treated Sargassum polycystum CA Agardh. from Lange Beach,
Aceh. Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences/Ilmu Kelautan, 25(2): 57–65.
ASTRULI. 2014. Roadmap industri rumput laut Indonesia. Bahan Presentasi Asosiasi Industri Rumput Laut Indonesia (ASTRULI) tanggal 25 November 2014.
Baba, B.M., Mustapha, W.A.W., dan Joe, L.S. 2018. Effect of extraction methods on the yield, fucose content and purity of fucoidan from Sargassum sp. obtained from Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 22(1): 87–94.
Basmal, J. 2010. Teknologi pembuatan pupuk organik cair kombinasi hidrolisat rumput laut Sargassum sp. dan limbah ikan. Squalen 5(2): 59–66.
Basmal, J. 2013. Membuat alginat dari rumput laut sargassum. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya. Basmal, J., Kusumawati, R., dan Utomo,
B.S.B. 2015. Mutu sap liquid rumput laut sargassum yang diekstrak menggunakan kalium hidroksida sebagai bahan pupuk. JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan 10(2).
Basmal, J., Chori, V.A., dan Nurhayati. 2017. Pemanfaatan limbah cair produksi alkali treated sargassum sebagai bahan baku pupuk cair. Jurnal JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan 12(2).
Begum, M., Bordoloi, B.C., Singha, D.D., dan Ojha, N.J. 2018. Role of Sea weed extract on growth, yield and quality of some agricultural crops -A review. Agricultural Reviews. DOI: 10.18805/ag.R-1838
Bharath, B., Nirmalraj, S., Mahendrakumar, M., dan Perinbam, K. 2018. Biofertilizing efficiency of Sargassum polycystum extract on growth and
biochemical composition of Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 7(1): 27–32.
Bhaskar, N., Hosokawa, M., dan Miyashita, K. 2004. Comparative evaluation of fatty acid composition of different Sargassum (Fucales, Phaeophyta)
species harvested from temperature and tropical waters. J Aquat Food Prod Technol 3: 53–70.
Bilan, M.I., Grachev, A.A., Ustuzhanina, N.E., Shashkov, A.S., Kelly, M., Sanderson, C.J., Nifantiev, N.E. dan Usov, A.I. 2002. Structure of fucoidan from the brown seaweed Fucus evanescens. Carbohydrate Research, 337: 719-730. Blunden, G. 1991. Agricultural uses of seaweeds and seaweed extracts.
pp. 65–81. dalam Guiry & Blunden, q.v.
Chapman, V.J. dan Chapman, D.J. 1980. Seaweeds and their uses 3rd ed. New York: Chapman and Hall. Dahuri. 2011. Mengembangkan industri
rumput laut secara terpadu. Samudra, Edisi 93 Januari 2011.
Darmawan, M., Tazwir, dan Hak, N. 2006. Pengaruh perendaman rumput laut coklat segar dalam berbagai larutan terhadap mutu natrium alginat.
Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan
Diaz-Pulido, G. dan McCook, L. 2008. ‘Macroalgae (Seaweeds)’ in Chin. A, (ed) The State of the Great Barrier Reef On-line, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville. Diakses pada 12 Oktober 2019. http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/publications/sotr/downloads/SORR_Macroalgae.pdf
Divya, K., Roja, N.M., dan Padal, S.B. 2015. Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer of Sargassum wightii on germination, growth and productivity of brinjal. IJARSET 2(10): 868–871.
Divya, K., dan Reddi, B.N. 2017. Influence of seaweed liquid fertilizer of Sargassum wightii, Turbnearia arnata on the seed germination, growth and productivity of vegetable crops. J. Algal Biomass Utln. 8(2): 37–43.El-Din, S.M.M. 2015. Utilization of seaweed extracts as bio-fertilizers to stimulate the growth of wheat seedlings. Egypt. J. Exp. Biol. (Bot.), 11(1): 31–39.
Erniati, Zakaria, F.R., Prangdimurti, E., Adawiyah, D.R. 2016. Seaweed potential: bioctive compounds studies and its utilization as a functional food product. Aquatic Sciences Journal. 3(1): 12-17.
Fleurence, J. 2004. Seaweed proteins dalam Yada RY (ed) Proteins in food processing. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing: 197–213.
Handayani, T., Sutarno, T., dan Setyawan, A.D. 2004. Anlisis komposisi nutrisi rumput laut Sargassum crassifolium. J. Agardh. Biofarmasi 2: 45–52.
Hendrawati, T.Y. 2016. Pengolahan rumput laut dan kelayakan industrinya. Jakarta: UMJ Press.
Heo, S.J., Park, E.J., Lee, K.W., dan Jeon, Y.J. 2005. Antioxidant activities of enzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds. Bioresour Technol 96:1613–1623.
Hernandez-Carmona, G. 2013. Conventional and alternative technologies for the extraction of algal polysaccharides. Functional ingredients from algae for foods and nutraceuticals: Woodhead Publishing Limited. DOI: 10.1533/9780857098689.3.475
Kawakita, E.T., de Souza, E.A., Uehara, D.M., de Oliveira Orsi, R. 2015. Shelf-life evaluation of hydroalcoholic propolis extract kept under different storage temperatures. Atas de Saude Ambiental 3(1): 33-46.
Khotimchenko, S.V. 1991. Fatty acid composition of seven Sargassum species. Phytochem 30: 2639-2641.
Kumar, C.S., Ganesan, P., Suresh, P.V., Bhaskar, N. 2008. Seaweeds as a source of nutritionally beneficial compounds—a review. J Food Sci Technol 45: 1–13.
Kumar, N.A., Vanlalzarzova, B., Sridhar, S., dan Baluswami, M. 2012. Effect of liquid seaweed fertilizer of Sargassum wightii grev. on the growth and biochemical content of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R. wilczek). Recent Research in Science and Technology 4(4): 40–45.
Loppies, J.E., dan Yumas, M. 2017. Pemanfaatan limbah cair industri rumput laut sebagai pupuk organik cait untuk tanaman pertanian. Jurnal Industri 12(2).
Lasabuda, R. 2013. Pembangunan wilayah pesisir dan lautan dalam perspektif negara kepulauan Republik Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax 1(2): 92–101.
Kumar, C.S., Ganesan, P., Suresh, P.V., dan Bhaskar, N. 2008. Seaweeds as a source of nutritionally beneficial compounds – A review. J
Food Sci Technol. 45(1): 1–13.
Manteu, S.H., Nurjanah, Nurhayati, T. 2018. Karakteristik rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum policystum dan Padina minor) dari perairan Pohuwato Provinsi Gorontalo. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(3): 396-405.
McHugh, D.J. 2003. A guide to the seaweed industry. Roma: Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. Nayar, S. dan Bott, K. 2014. Current status of global cultivated seaweed production and markets. World Aquaculture: 32–37.
Noiraksar, T., Manthachitra, V., Buranapratheprat, A., dan Komatsu, T. 2017. Growth and reproductive seasonal pattern of Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh （Sargassaceae, Phaeophyceae）population in Samaesarn Island, Chon Buri Province, Thailand. La mer 55: 11–23.
Nontji, A. 1987. Laut Nusantara. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan.
Padal, S., Appa Rao, D., dan Subbarangaiah, G. 2014. Habitat influences the Seasonal growth, fruiting behaviour in Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh. (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) at Visakhapatnam coast, India. International Journal of Pharmacy & Bio-Sciences 1(1): 1-8.
Palanisamy, S., Vinosha, M., Marudhupandi, T., Rajasekar, P.., dan Prabhu, N.M. 2017. Isolation of fucoidan from Sargassum polycystum brown algae: Structural characterization, in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.182
Palanisamy, S., Vinosha, M., Manikandakrishnan, M., Anjali, R., Rajasekar, P., Marudhupandi, T., Manikandan, R., Vaseeharan, B., dan Prabhu, N.M. 2018. Investigation of antioxidant and anticancer potential of fucoidan from Sargassum polycystum. International Journal of Biological
Macromolecules 116: 151–161.
Pise, N.M. dan Sabale, A.B. 2010. Effect of seaweed concentrates on the growth and biochemical constituents of Trigonella foenumgraecum L. Journal of Phytology 2(4): 50–56.
Ponce, N.M., Pujol, C.A., Damonte, E.B., Flores, M.L. dan Stortz, C.A. 2003. Fucoidans from the brown seaweed Adenocystisutricularis: Extraction
methods, antiviral activity and structural studies. Carbohydrate Research, 338: 153-165.
Pusat Data, Statistik dan Informasi (Pusdatin). 2018. Kelautan dan perikanan dalam angka tahun 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Perikanan dan Kelautan (KKP).
Rao, A.S., dan Rao, M.U. 2002. Seasonal growth pattern in Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (Phaeophyta, Fucales) occuring at Visakhapatnam, east coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 31(1): 26–32.
Rioux, L.E., Turgeon, S.L., dan Beaulieu, M. 2007. Characterization of polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds. Carbohydrate Polymers, 69: 530-537.
Salma, L., Aymen, E.M., Maher, S., Hassen, A., Chérif, H., Halima, C., Mounir, M., dan Mimoun, E. 2014. Effect of seaweed extract of Sargassum vulgare on germination behavior of two bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L) under salt stress. OSR-JAVS 7(2): 116-120.
Saputra, H. 2014. Pantai Lange, keindahan pantai Aceh Besar yang tersembunyi. Detik Travel. Diakses pada 11 September 2018. http://www.detik.com/travel/dtravelers_stories/u-2642415.
Sedayu, B.B., Erawan, I.M., dan Assadad, L. (2014). Pupuk Cair dari Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii, Sargassum sp. dan Gracilaria sp. Menggunakan Proses Pengomposan. Jurnal JPB Perikanan. Vol. 9, No. 1.
Shekhar Sharma, H.S., Fleming, C., Selby, C., Rao, J.R., dan Martin, T. 2014. Plant biostimulants: a review on the processing of macroalgae and use
of extracts for crop management to reduce abiotic and biotic stresses. Journal of Applied Phycology 26(1): 465-490.
Silva, L.D., Bahcevandziev, K., dan Pereira, L. 2019. Production of biofertilizer from Ascophyllum nodosum and Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 37(3): 918–927.
Somasundaram, S.N., Shanmugam, S., Subramanian, B., dan Jaganathan, R. 2016. Cytotoxic effect of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum cinereum on colon cancer cell line HCT-15. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac. 2016.06.084.
Spurr, H.I. 2014. Extraction, separation and purification of polyphenols, polysaccharides and pigments from British seaweed for high-value applications. Disertasi. The University of Leeds: School of Design and School of Chemistry.
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