Indonesian Journal of Environmental Sustainability

NICKEL OXIDE(NiO) NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ANTI-FUNGAL APPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Alif Furqan, Diki Miswar, Abd. Mujahid Hamdan — Tue, 16 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Fungal infections are known to be a common global health problem, especially as resistance to conventional antifungal drugs increases. Innovative solutions are needed to overcome this problem. This review aims to explore the potential application of nanotechnology to nickel oxide materials in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi, as well as investigating the ability of nanosized nickel oxide as an innovative option in overcoming antifungal problems. The use of nickel oxide nanomaterial as an antifungal agent can produce efficient healing in treating fungal infections which are currently difficult to treat. Information explaining the potential side effects or long-term effects of this method is essential to ensure that the use of this agent does not harm the patient's health. Nano-sized nickel oxide has the ability to interact with other living things in an ecosystem. Therefore, to understand possible environmental risks, research is needed on the concept of ecological impacts on these materials. To increase awareness of the potential use of nano nickel oxide in the treatment of fungal infections, it is important to make this nickel oxide material available to the general public. Global consistency of patient treatment can be ensured through the establishment of well-defined and standardized protocols for the application of nickel oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of fungal infections.

REMOVAL OF COD, BOD, AMMONIA AND TSS USING ELECTROCOAGULATION METHOD WITH A COMBINATION OF ALUMINUM (Al) AND IRON (Fe) ELECTRODES IN FISH PROCESSING WASTEWATER

Syahna Munawarah, Juliansyah Harahap, Aulia Rohendi — Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Wastewater from fish processing contains highly organic pollutants, causing pollution to water bodies. Electrocoagulation method is utilised in fisheries wastewater treatment because of its simple and easier to do and also effective in removing pollutants. This research uses an experimental method with a quantitative approach by using dependent variables such as COD, BOD, ammonia, TSS and pH and independent variables such as electrical voltage of 3, 5 volts and contact time of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The results of the electrocoagulation process using Al and Fe electrodes showed the effectiveness of reducing the concentration of COD, BOD and TSS values by 96.34%, 95.2% and 73.22% with the maximum voltage of 5 volts and a contact time of 120 minutes. The effectiveness of reducing ammonia concentration occured at the optimum voltage of 3 with a contact time of 60 minutes, which was 98.75%. The pH concentration increased from acidic to alkaline. Based on the results of this study, the amount of voltage in the electrocoagulation method can affect the concentration of COD, BOD, ammonia and TSS contained in wastewater from fish processing. The results obtained show the quality of wastewater in accordance with predetermined quality standards.

CRANK: CLIMATE RESILIENCE WATER TANK WITH RAINWATER HARVESTING AND FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY AS HOUSEHOLD WATER SAFE STORAGE TO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE

Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia, a country highly susceptible to climate change, faces severe water scarcity due to unpredictable rainfall patterns and intensified extreme weather events. This paper presents an innovative solution, the Climate Resilience Water Tank with Rainwater Harvesting and Filtration Technology (CRANK), to address the deepening water scarcity crisis amplified by climate change. CRANK is a sustainable water storage system that integrates rainwater harvesting technology with infiltration wells. The system collects rainwater from rooftops, filters it, and stores it in a tank. When the tank reaches its maximum capacity, the excess rainwater is channeled into infiltration wells where it is filtered and replenishes the groundwater table. This dynamic strategy ensures the optimization of rainwater resources based on local weather dynamics. CRANK is a dependable, sustainable water source for various purposes, including drinking, cooking, and agriculture, and can alleviate the burden on pre-existing water supplies. It also mitigates urban flooding risks by efficiently managing surface water runoff. The feasibility of CRANK is meticulously assessed, including cost of production, profit margin, and operational expenditures, making it an affordable and lucrative solution. The system's target implementation sites are remote villages grappling with severe water scarcity. CRANK represents a significant step towards climate change adaptation and resilience by providing a sustainable, climate-resilient remedy for the water scarcity problem in Indonesia.

MICROBIAL FUEL CELL (MFC) BY ELECTROACTIVE BACTERIA AS A RENEWABLE ELECTRICAL ENERGY SOURCE IN INDONESIA

Nazla Fauziyah Octaviani, Nisa Kartika, Anggita Rahmi Hafsari — Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The uncontrolled nature of fossil fuels and their ecological consequences have moved emphasis to renewable energy and fuel cells, particularly in the transportation industry. The generation of energy from electrons generated from metabolic reactions aided by bacteria is studied in this paper. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an environmentally beneficial method of generating electricity while also purifying wastewater, with up to 50% chemical oxygen requirement elimination and power densities ranging from 420 to 460 MW/m². This paper focuses on the technology that generates electricity by utilizing the metabolic power from electroactive bacteria as a renewable energy source. The method to collect data is a literature study. The result is seven species of electroactive bacteria potential from 7 articles, which can be used to generate MFC. In summary, using electroactive bacteria as MFC as a renewable energy source is possible because many sources of organic materials can be used as carbon sources for MFC, such as organic waste.

NANOTECHNOLOGY AS AN ADSORBENT FOR THE HEAVY METAL (Fe): LITERATURE REVIEW

Utari Rahmatillah, Riki Mefta Firwanda, Nurhayati — Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research was a literature study that aims to understand the application of nanoparticles as heavy metal adsorbents, explore the role of nanoparticle technology in the context of environmental protection and human health, and identify effective nanotechnology. Industrial waste containing the heavy metal Fe can pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. In this study, we evaluated various literature sources discussing the use of nanoparticles, especially activated carbon, as effective adsorbents for removing heavy metals from water and waste. The results of literature studies show that the application of nanoparticles as adsorbents can increase the efficiency of filtration and heavy metal removal, which in turn contributes to environmental protection and human health. Additionally, this research identifies the important role of nanoparticle technology in various aspects, including water treatment, air pollution control, environmental monitoring, and the development of safer medicines. With proper application, nanoparticle technology can help reduce the risk of exposure to heavy metals and other pollutants, as well as improve water and air quality, which has a positive impact on human health and environmental sustainability. Identification of these most effective nanotechnologies can help guide the development of better solutions in the context of environmental protection and human health. This research provides deeper insight into the positive role of nanoparticle technology in addressing the environmental and health challenges faced by society.

COMBINATION OF PHOTOCATALIST TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) AND H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) IN LAUNDRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Teuku Muhammad Ashari, Marlisa, Yeggi Darnas, Khairun Nisah — Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Any laundry operation will discharge the waste water directly to the water surface, which can lead to pollution in the water. One method that can be used to treat laundry wastewater is a photocatalytic method with TiO₂ (Titanium Dioxide) as an UV-assisted catalyst that is combined with a strong H₂O₂ oxidizer to produce OH (hydroxyl radical) to oxidize pollutants. The study aims to determine the differences in pH, TSS, BOD, COD, and Phosphate separation values with combination of TiO2 and H2O2 doses with variations in UV exposure time for 30, 60, and 90 minutes. A good quality TSS level obtained in the 60^th minute with a dose of 1 g TiO₂ and in combination with 10 ml H₂O₂ can reduce TSS levels by 20 mg/l from the initial TSS with a residual weight of 180 mg/L. A decrease in the quality COD level at a 90 minute clearance time with a dosage of 1 gr TiO₂, in a combination of 10 ml H₂O₂, can reduce the COD levels by 32.5 mg/ l from the original COD value of 89.1 mg/l. A reduction in the phosphate level achieved at the cleaning time of 30 minutes at a combined dose of 4 gr TiO₂ in a 40 ml combination, can lower the phosphatic level by 0.05 mg /l from the starting value of 5.61 mg/l and already meet the quality standard of laundry waste water.

IDENTIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS FROM THE PEELS OF LIME (Citrus aurantifolia) AND KAFFIR LIME (Citrus hystrix) BASED ON GROWING ALTITUDE USING GC-MS

Yodi Ari Stiawan, Reni Silvia Nasution, Bhayu Gita Bhernama — Wed, 17 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Essential oils are oils whose components are generally volatile and are obtained from various types of plants and are the largest demand commodity in marketing circles. One of the essential oil-producing plants, namely lime (C. aurantifolia) and kaffir lime (C. hystrix) so that they are widely used by industry as raw materials for making medicines, cosmetics, and perfumes because they contain various components in them. However, the community only uses the fruit as a spice for cooking and drinks, while the skin is thrown away so that it becomes waste. This study aims to determine the effect of the height of the growing location on the essential oil components of the fruit peels of C. aurantifolia and C. hystrix as measured using GC-MS. The sampling method was carried out by simple random sampling, which was taken from several trees randomly at an altitude range of 0-100, 400-500, and 1,200-1,300 masl. The extraction method used is steam-water distillation at 100°C for 6 hours. The results of GC-MS identification showed that the essential oil from the skin of C. aurantifolia fruit contains 3 main components, namely dl-Limonene, 2-β-Pinene, and γ-Terpinene and the highest component is obtained at an altitude range of 400-500 masl. Meanwhile, C. hystrix contains 5 main components in the form of 2-β-Pinene, Sabinene, dl-Limonene, Citronella, and β-Citronellol and the highest component is obtained at an altitude range of 0-100 masl. GC-MS analysis showed that the volatile oil components of the fruit peels of C. auratifolia and C. hystrix were affected by the altitude of the growing location including temperature and humidity.

INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF A 5 MW GEOTHERMAL BINARY CYCLE POWER PLANT

Suardi Nur, Mulyadi Abdul Wahid — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia is blessed with around 27.510 MWe of geothermal resources. Amongst the numbers, some resources are identified as small-scale geothermal resources. The development of small-scale geothermal resources is quite challenging either to government or private developers due to their low selling price that varies from USD 6.50 cent/kWh to USD 9.76 cent/kWh depending on the location and capacity. The challenges can be multiplied in the case of the electricity produced from a geothermal power plant that located isolated grid, where the electricity is unable to be transmitted to another load areas. Therefore, the electricity production will be limited to only serve the demand in the island that consequently will limit the revenue from electricity sales. This study analyzes the financial aspect of a binary geothermal power plant with gross installed capacity of 5 MW located in isolated island. The analysis shows the power plant will be financially feasible when the electricity selling price is over USD 30 cent/kWh that will generate 12% of IRR which is assumed as feasible target for this project. Furthermore, if environmental benefit is included the project can be feasible at lower selling price of USD 25 cent/kWh.