Indonesian Journal of Environmental Sustainability

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLIMO UTILIZATION FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING OF POLLUTION IN THE DOWNSTREAM AREA OF JANGKOK RIVER, MATARAM CITY

Janu Andina Aryanti — 2025-06-30

The Jangkok River in Mataram City, Nusa Tenggara Barat, experiences severe pollution due to domestic and industrial waste. To monitor water quality in real-time, the Online Monitoring (ONLIMO) system has been implemented. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ONLIMO compared to laboratory analysis in terms of accuracy, time, and cost. Physical and chemical parameters such as BOD, COD, DO, Nitrite, Nitrate, pH, TDS, and turbidity were analyzed using the Pollution Index (IP) method based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003. The results showed an average Ci/Lij value of 1.70 with a maximum IP of 115.97 from ONLIMO, while the laboratory analysis produced an IP of 98.26 with a maximum Ci/Lij of 138.9. Nitrite (11.15–14.35) and turbidity (6.55–9.74) were identified as dominant contributors to pollution. In terms of efficiency, ONLIMO proved faster, with real-time monitoring and lower operational costs compared to laboratory methods, which require sample collection and manual analysis. However, ONLIMO has limitations in detecting certain parameters such as BOD. Overall, ONLIMO is considered efficient and effective for monitoring the water quality of Jangkok River, with potential improvements through the integration of additional methods for more accurate and comprehensive results.

RESISTANCE OF Aedes aegypti TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES IN MAGETAN DISTRICT, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

Susi Nurweni — 2025-06-30

Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is one of the infectious diseases transmitted through the mosquito vector Aedes sp. Dengue disease management is still aimed at controlling the vector (Aedes aegypti) using organophosphate insecticides malation and temefos. In Magetan District, there is no report on the resistance of Ae. aegypti to organophosphate insecticides or mapping of Ae. aegypti resistance to these insecticides. The results of this research are determine the resistance of Ae. aegypti to organophosphate insecticides. The resistance system was established by biochemical test based on the activity of non-specific esterase enzyme against organophosphate insecticides in Magetan District using Arc GIS tool. The results of this study showed that Ae. aegypti in four working areas of Candirejo Health Centre from 14 villages 10 villages (71.42%) have been resistant to organophosphate insecticides, while in Taji from 11 villages 7 villages (63.63%) are resistant, in Plaosan 100% are resistant and in Ngujung from 7 villages, 3 villages (42.28%) are resistant. The use of insecticides for a long period of time is not effective in eliminating dengue fever vectors because it can cause resistance. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to monitor and evaluate the use of insecticides in dengue vector control as a programme at the Magetan District Health Office, so that the right insecticide can be selected for Ae. aegypti control.

COD REMOVAL PERFORMANCE USING COMBINATION OF SPENT COFFEE GROUNDS ACTIVATED CARBON AND RIVER SAND AS FILTRATION MEDIA IN TOFU INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

Arief Rahman — 2025-06-30

Tofu industrial wastewater contains a high level of chemical oxygen demand (COD), which may cause negative impacts if not treated before being discharged into the environment. Filtration is one of the simple and effective methods for COD removal in tofu industrial wastewater, utilizing filtration media such as sand and activated carbon. The objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of spent coffee grounds (SCG) activated carbon and river sand as filtration media in COD removal from tofu industrial wastewater. The research was carried out using a dual media filtration unit composed of SCG activated carbon and river sand, with media thicknesses of 15 cm and 30 cm, respectively. The results show that the combination of SCG activated carbon and river sand as filtration media can reduce the COD level in tofu industrial wastewater from 928 mg/L to 307 mg/L (66.92%), although it still does not meet the quality standard (300 mg/L). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the combination of SCG activated carbon and river sand has the potential to lower COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater, but further improvement is required to enhance its effectiveness.

CHARACTERISTICS AND CONCENTRATION OF AIRBORNE FUNGI IN PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORTATION IN BANDA ACEH CITY, ACEH PROVINCE

Syafrina Sari Lubis — 2025-06-30

Airborne fungi are one of the common pollutants that spread through the air and frequently found in public bus transportation. Their transmission of airborne fungi can have an impact on health and is considered an important public health problem. The presence of airborne fungi can cause various respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchopulmonary infections, rhinitis and other allergic symptoms. The concentration of airborne fungi in buses has a significant correlation between the level of fungi and the number of passengers. High concentrations of fungi in transportation can affect human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of airborne fungi in buses and the types of fungi in the air on buses that had just arrived and those that were about to depart for Medan. The sampling method used for collecting airborne fungi is the probability sampling technique, especially by using the random sampling technique and the open plate technique which is left open for 15 minutes while measuring physical factors such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and number of passengers. Samples were taken from 3 buses X, Y and Z found on public transportation buses. The results of this study obtained the concentration of fungi in the air on buses that had just arrived and those that were leaving for Medan reaching 105, 9 CFU/m³ on bus X, 70, 6 CFU/m³ and 141, 2 CFU/m³ on bus Y, and 46, 9 CFU/m³ and 151, 8 CFU/m³ on bus Z, meaning that these values do not exceed the indoor air quality standards set by WHO of < 500 CFU/m³. The types of airborne fungi on buses X, Y and Z are Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium sp., Clasdoporium sp., C. clasporioides, dan Acremonium sp.

THE INFLUENCE OF GARDEN ON PSYCHOLOGICAL COMFORT WITHIN THE HEALING ENVIRONMENT CONCEPT (CASE STUDY : ZAINOEL ABIDIN HOSPITAL PARK)

Zya Dyena Meutia — 2025-06-30

Zainoel Abidin Hospital has implemented a garden surrounding its premises to promote comfort, aesthetics, and safety. One approach to creating comfort in a hospital environment is by organizing and managing the space in both functional and aesthetic ways. This study aims to explore the perceptions of hospital users regarding the influence of the garden on their psychological comfort, based on the concept of a healing environment. The object of this study is the garden at Zainoel Abidin Hospital, with informants consisting of 10 individuals, 5 patients and 5 visitors. The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study, as seen from the interviews with garden users, indicate that the presence of a garden in the hospital provides greater benefits than merely enhancing aesthetic value. Informants noted that while some users found the garden calming and beneficial, others expressed discomfort due to inadequate facilities within the garden area.

A REVIEW: SEAWEEDS POTENTIAL AS METAL ABSORPTION AGENTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

Bhayu Gita Bhernama — 2025-06-30

Heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments is an issue that threatens aquatic ecosystems. One natural solution to overcome this problem is to utilize seaweed as a heavy metal absorbing agent. Seaweed is capable of absorbing heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) through interactions on their cell walls. Types of seaweed that have been studied by many researchers such as Gracilaria sp., Caulerpa racemosa, Ulva sp., Pandina australis, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Codium fragile and Eucheuma spinosum have demonstrated varying but significant effectiveness in absorbing heavy metals. It can be concluded that seaweed has great potential to be used as an environmentally friendly absorbing agent and can serve as a bioindicator of aquatic environment quality.

THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES: MECHANISMS, INTERACTIONS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

Arif Sardi — 2025-06-30

This study outlines the fundamental role of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, and fungi as primary drivers of global biogeochemical cycles. Data were collected through a comprehensive literature review of various scientific databases, covering recent publications on the contribution of microorganisms to biogeochemical cycles. It explores how microorganisms facilitate the transformation of essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur through various metabolic pathways, ranging from atmospheric gas fixation to the decomposition of complex organic matter. It also highlights environmental factors that influence microbial activity, as well as the ecological and environmental implications of their roles, including contributions to climate regulation, soil fertility, environmental purification, and the impact of anthropogenic activities. A comprehensive understanding of microbial ecology is crucial for predicting and managing environmental systems amid global challenges such as climate change and pollution.