El-Sunan: Journal of Hadith and Religious Studies

Islamic Tolerance in Theory and Practice: Insights from Hadiths and Contemporary Relevance

Muhammad Zaini — 2024-10-30

Tolerance is a fundamental principle in Islam that fosters social harmony within diverse societies. This study examines the concept of tolerance in Islam by focusing on the traditions (hadiths) of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and its implementation in social life. Employing a thematic (maudhū’i) approach, the research explores various dimensions of tolerance, including universal brotherhood, tolerance in mu’amalah (socio-economic interactions), respect for religious differences, and self-tolerance. The findings reveal that tolerance in Islam is not merely about accepting diversity but also reflects principles of compassion, justice, and moderation within the framework of Islamic law (sharia). Prophet Muhammad serves as a primary model in practicing tolerance, evident in his interactions and policies that upheld the rights of individuals and groups, including non-Muslims. This study underscores the relevance of Islamic tolerance in addressing the challenges of contemporary multicultural societies, offering a foundation for building harmonious relationships amidst diversity.

Boycott in Hadith Perspective: History and Implementation

Fahmi Andaluzi — 2024-10-30

This article aims to explore the practice of boycotting during the Prophet's time, including whether it was carried out by the Prophet, his Companions, or the opposition. It also investigates whether hadith, as an authoritative source in Islam, supports boycotting and how to contextualize these teachings in the present. This research employs a library-based approach, collecting data from hadith, books, and scholarly articles relevant to the topic. The methods used include takhrij hadith and descriptive-analytical processing of historical accounts of boycotting during the Prophet's era to describe and analyze its contemporary application. The study finds that boycotting practices existed during the Prophet's time and were carried out by the Prophet and his Companions. Implementing hadith on boycotting in the modern context is complex but remains relevant to issues such as war and blasphemy. Additionally, contemporary boycotts have evolved into moral support actions at individual and international levels, aimed at drawing attention and resolving conflicts. Muslim scholars, institutions, and religious organizations consider boycott rulings based on fraternal hadith, the prohibition of oppression, and ijtihad through Islamic legal approaches (fiqh and ushul fiqh), such as Syadd al-Żarāi' and Qiyās. These considerations integrate textual evidence with modern contexts, ensuring flexible and dynamic rulings that align with the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʻah), particularly justice and welfare for the ummah.

Reinterpretation of Gender-Biased Hadiths: A Contextual Approach Towards Gender Equality in Islam

Mira Fauziah — 2024-10-30

Studies on the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) often perceived as gender-biased are frequently conducted through textual approaches, which can result in interpretations that are unfair to women. This approach contradicts the values of gender equality enshrined in the Qur'an. Therefore, contextual analysis is necessary to understand these hadiths in a manner that is more relevant to the dynamics of modern society. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach using qualitative methods. Primary data, including hadith collections such as Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, as well as Qur'anic exegeses such as Tafsir Ibn Kathir, are analyzed using historical, linguistic, and sociocultural approaches. Modern literature, including the works of Nasaruddin Umar and Muhammad Syahrur, is used as secondary references to support the analysis. The study finds that hadiths such as "women are created from a man’s rib," "women are deficient in intellect and religion," "women are ‘awrah," and "a people who entrust their affairs to a woman will never prosper" reflect specific socio-historical contexts that necessitate reinterpretation. A contextual approach reveals that these hadiths are not intended to discriminate against women but instead provide guidance to maintain harmony in gender relations according to their time. This study affirms that the principles of gender equality in the Qur'an can serve as a foundation for the inclusive and equitable reinterpretation of hadiths.

The Practice of Qurban: Integrating Economic, Social, and Environmental Dimensions

Damanhuri Basyir — 2024-10-30

Qurban worship is one of the essential rituals in Islam, encompassing not only a spiritual dimension but also significant economic, social, and environmental impacts. Observed annually during Eid al-Adha, the practice of Qurban reflects the obedience of Muslims to Allah SWT's command and serves as a tangible manifestation of sacrifice and social care. This study aims to analyze the concept of Qurban from a broader perspective by integrating economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The article examines how Qurban functions not only as a ritual act of worship but also as a mechanism for fostering social welfare and economic equity through the distribution of meat to underprivileged communities. Additionally, the environmentally friendly management of Qurban animals is highlighted as a crucial factor in promoting environmental sustainability. The research method utilized in this study is library research, involving a review of academic literature and relevant documents, as well as an analysis of Qurban practices in diverse regions. The findings reveal that Qurban has the potential to reduce economic disparities, strengthen social solidarity, and enhance community awareness regarding environmental conservation. The integration of Qurban with these three dimensions can deliver broader benefits to society, ensuring that the values inherent in Qurban extend beyond spirituality to positively impact social, economic, and environmental well-being.

Al-Ṭayyibât and Al-Khâbisât in QS. al-Nur: 26: Comparative Insights from Ibn Jarir and Quraish Shihab

Muslim Djuned — 2024-10-30

The terms al-Ṭayyibât and al-Khâbisât in QS. al-Nur: 26 have long been central to discussions on Islamic marital ethics, particularly the principle of compatibility (kafa’ah) in moral and spiritual values. This study examines the interpretations of these terms by two prominent scholars: Ibn Jarir al-Thabari, representing classical exegesis, and Muhammad Quraish Shihab, offering a contemporary perspective. Using a comparative and descriptive-analytical approach, the research highlights key differences in their methodologies and contextual applications. Al-Thabari’s interpretation, rooted in asbab al-nuzul and linguistic precision, confines the meaning of al-Ṭayyibât and al-Khâbisât to speech, primarily defending the moral purity of Aisha RA against slander. In contrast, Quraish Shihab broadens the scope to include actions, behaviors, and character, emphasizing the principle of compatibility in relationships. This study finds that while Al-Thabari’s approach focuses on historical textuality, Shihab integrates socio-ethical considerations to address the practical challenges of modern marriage. The findings bridge classical scholarship and contemporary application, contributing to a nuanced understanding of QS. al-Nur: 26 and its relevance to marital ethics.

The Contexts of Revelation: An In-Depth Study of Asbab Wurud Al-Hadith and Its Connection to Asbab Nuzul al-Quran

Nur Baety Sofyan — 2024-10-30

This study aims to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the concept of Asbab Wurud al-Hadith, contemporary scholars' views, its classifications, and its connection to Asbab Nuzul al-Quran. Employing a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach, the research involves gathering data, presenting scholarly perspectives, analyzing, and exploring the relationship between Asbab Wurud al-Hadith and Asbab Nuzul al-Quran. The study begins by defining Asbab Wurud al-Hadith and presenting the perspectives of contemporary scholars, followed by classifying the types of Asbab Wurud al-Hadith that underlie the delivery of specific hadiths by Prophet Muhammad (SAW). It also examines the interconnectedness of Asbab Wurud al-Hadith and Asbab Nuzul al-Quran, demonstrating how they complement one another in fostering a deeper understanding of Allah's (SWT) revelations and the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The findings of this study can be summarized into three key points: First, Asbab Wurud al-Hadith is a branch of hadith studies focusing on the reasons behind the emergence of a hadith, whether driven by events, circumstances, or inquiries during its delivery by Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Contemporary scholars generally agree on its significance, albeit with varying opinions on the underlying factors of particular hadiths. Second, Asbab Wurud al-Hadith is divided into two categories: hadiths associated with specific causes (Asbab Wurud) and those without identifiable causes. Third, there is a strong correlation between Asbab Wurud al-Hadith and Asbab Nuzul al-Quran, as both serve similar roles in clarifying meanings, reconciling or prioritizing differing interpretations (tarjih), and providing explanations for the causes and implications of revelations. Furthermore, each can serve as a context for understanding the other.

The Influence of Intertextuality in the Manuscript Tarjumān al-Mustafīd by Sheikh ‘Abd al-Ra’uf Ali al-Fanshuri al-Jawi

Zainuddin Zainuddin — 2024-10-30

This study examines the intertextual influences in the Quranic exegesis manuscript Tarjumān al-Mustafīd by Sheikh ‘Abd al-Ra’uf Ali al-Fanshuri al-Jawi. By employing an intertextual approach, the research demonstrates that the manuscript is not a mere translation of works by al-Baiḍawi, al-Khazin, or al-Jalālain, as previously assumed. Instead, Tarjumān al-Mustafīd synthesizes and adapts excerpts from these sources alongside others, such as al-Ṡa’labi. Using descriptive-analytical methods and primary manuscripts housed in the Aceh Museum, this study focuses on the exegesis of Surah al-Baqarah to analyze intertextual techniques, including excerpts, parallels, and expansions. The findings reveal that Tarjumān al-Mustafīd integrates intertextual references from multiple tafsir texts while maintaining its originality and independent interpretive framework. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of intertextuality in Quranic exegesis within the Malay-Nusantara tradition.

The Intellectual Legacy of Abd al-Rauf al-Fanshuri: Tafsir, Islamic Law, and Sufism in the Malay World

Anayya Syadza Zainuddin — 2024-10-30

Abd al-Rauf al-Fanshuri al-Jawi was one of the most influential scholars in the intellectual and religious history of the Malay world, recognized as a Quranic exegete, jurist, and Sufi master. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of his contributions, including his biography, scholarly networks, exegetical methodology, and his role in Islamic law and Sufism. Using a systematic literature review based on documentary analysis, this research examines various academic sources to understand Abd al-Rauf’s intellectual approach and its impact on the development of Islam in the Nusantara. The findings reveal that Abd al-Rauf’s legacy extends beyond Turjuman al-Mustafid, the first complete Quranic exegesis in Malay-Jawi, to the dissemination of Islamic knowledge through his extensive network of scholars and students. His exegetical methodology integrates textual and contextual approaches, with an emphasis on tauhid, Sufism, and Islamic law, fostering a balanced and contextualized interpretation of Islam within the socio-cultural framework of the Malay world. The findings highlight the need for further research on Malay-Jawi exegesis and comparative studies with other interpretative traditions in the broader Islamic world.

Living Hadith in the Peu Intat Ritual: Sacredness and Cultural Adaptation in the Death Tradition of the Teunom Community, Aceh Jaya

Tarmizi M. Jakfar — 2024-10-30

The Peu Intat ritual in the Teunom community of Aceh Jaya represents a localized form of Living Hadith, where prophetic traditions are actively preserved and practiced within a socio-cultural framework. This study examines Peu Intat as an applied interpretation of hadith and explores its social, theological, and cultural functions. Using a qualitative approach with the Living Hadith framework, data were collected through interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving religious scholars, community leaders, and local residents. The findings reveal that Peu Intat serves three key functions: (1) strengthening community and familial solidarity, (2) reinforcing faith by guiding the dying person to recite kalimat tauhid, and (3) integrating hadith into local traditions, reflecting the adaptability of Islamic teachings. This study confirms that Living Hadith is not merely textual transmission but a dynamic process shaped by local contexts.

Khirqah in Sufi Traditions: Hadith-Based Legitimacy and Its Spiritual Transmission

Zuherni. AB — 2024-10-30

The khirqah is a significant element in Sufi traditions, symbolizing spiritual initiation and the transmission of esoteric knowledge. However, its origins remain debated, particularly regarding its connection to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through Imam ‘Ali and Hasan al-Basri. Some scholars affirm this lineage, while others argue that khirqah was a later development within Sufi circles rather than a direct prophetic practice. This study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing classical Sufi literature, historical records, and hadith collections. Key hadith narrations related to the bestowal of garments, such as the Prophet (PBUH) clothing Ummu Khalid and Uwais al-Qarni receiving robes from Imam ‘Ali and Umar ibn al-Khattab, have been used to validate khirqah’s legitimacy. However, critics contend that these narrations reflect acts of generosity rather than structured initiatic bestowals. By the 14th century, khirqah evolved beyond a physical robe into a symbol of spiritual affiliation within Sufi orders (tariqas). Despite these debates, khirqah remains central to Sufi identity, signifying spiritual authority, ethical discipline, and lineage transmission. Scholars such as Ibn ‘Arabi emphasized that khirqah represents inner purification rather than merely an external garment.