THE RISK OF USING CRYPTOCURRENCY (BITCOIN) AS ZAKAH PAYMENT IN INDONESIA BASED ON MUI FATWA
Keywords:
Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, Productive Zakat, Saddu Dzari’ahAbstract
According to its function, money is not only a medium of exchange but also a value or a count. Cryptocurrency is money that does not have a tangible form that can be touched as currency in general but only blocks of data that are validated because they have been bound by hashes. The use of Bitcoin is not strictly supported by the government because it is an unbound asset and its instability as a tangible asset caused by the high volatility of Bitcoin. This research analyzes the implementation of Saddu Dzari'ah principle in the use of cryptocurrency (bitcoin) as zakat payment, focusing on the analysis of MUI Fatwa No. 13 Year 2011 on the Law of Zakat on Haram Assets. The research method used is qualitative research with data analysis techniques through inductive and descriptive. The data is obtained from the results of documentation and literature data collection. The law of using Bitcoin in the view of scholars is that some allow transactions and some do not. Cholil Nafis from NU and Fatwa Muhammadiyah said that the use of Bitcoin includes transactions that contain gharar and harm. In MUI Fatwa No. 13 of 2011, it is stated that haram assets are not allowed to be zakaah because zakat must be from objects that are purely halal in terms of acquisition and the assets themselves. In the perspective of Sadd Al-Dzari'at, the Indonesian Ulama' have issued a haram fatwa for Zakat on Haraam Assets. This is a reinforcement that Cryptocurrency (Bitcoin) brings problems. In fiqh rules, it is explained that rejecting mafsadat (damage) takes precedence over attracting benefits.
References
Abdullah, N. S. N., Basarud-din, S. K., & Noor, N. S. M. (2022). The Acceptance of Zakat on Cryptocurrency (Bitcoin). International Journal of Zakat and Islamic Philanthropy (IJZIP), 4(1), 2672–7471.
Akbar, T., & Huda, N. (2022). Haramnya Penggunaan Cryptocurrency (Bitcoin) Sebagai Mata Uang Atau Alat Tukar di Indonesia Berdasarkan Fatwa MUI. JAMBURA: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 5(2), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.37479/JIMB.V5I2.16547
Amin, R. (2020). SADD AL-DZARI’AH:KORELASI DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH. Jurnal Justisia Ekonomika: Magister Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.30651/JUSTEKO.V4I2.6856
Annur, C. M. (2022). Bank Indonesia: Transaksi Uang Elektronik RI Tembus Rp 35 Triliun per Desember 2021. Katadata.Co.Id.
Arafah, I. (2020). Pendekatan Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah Dalam Studi Islam. Al - Muamalat: Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Syariah, 5(1), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.32505/MUAMALAT.V5I1.1443
Azizi, S. (2020). Pengaruh tingkat pemahaman dan persepsi kemudahan terhadap minat penggunaan uang elektronik untuk pembayaran zakat, infaq dan sedekah pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Genuk Kota Semarang - Walisongo Repository. UIN Walisongo Semarang.
Dara, Jabbar Sabil, & Syarifuddin Usman. (2020). EKSISTENSI BITCOIN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQĀṢID AL-SYAR‘ĪYAH. PETITA: JURNAL KAJIAN ILMU HUKUM DAN SYARIAH, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.22373/PETITA.V3I2.45
Darmawan, I. (1992). Pengantar Uang dan Perbankan. PT. Rineka Cipta.
Djamil, F. (2013). Hukum Ekonomi Islam (Sejarah, Teori, dan Konsep) (Tarmizi (Ed.); Cet. Perta). Sinar Grafika.
Faiz, M., Yaakob, M., Aliff, M., Nawi, M., Rizal, R., Raja, I., Iii I (, H., Pusat, ), Pendidikan, P., & Moden, B. (2019). Risiko dan Kesediaan Institusi Zakat Dalam Penerimaan Transaksi Bitcoin. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 17(2), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.33102/JFATWA.VOL0NO0.274
Fawaid, I. (2019). KONSEP SADD Al-DZARÎ’AH DALAM PERSPEKTIF IBNU AL-QAYYIM AL-JAUZIYAH. Lisan Al-Hal: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan, 13(2), 323–340. https://doi.org/10.35316/LISANALHAL.V13I2.599
Fiqh Zakat. (2024). Syarat-Syarat Wajib Zakat (Muzakki). Zakat.or.Id.
Jayani, D. H. (2020). Transaksi E-Money Meningkat Saat PSBB. Katadata.Co.Id.
Ludwianto, B., Yordan, J., & Panji, A. (2018). Masjid di London Terima Pembayaran Zakat Pakai Bitcoin. Kumparan.Com.
Mahrus, M. (2009). APLIKASI AL-DZARÃŽâ€TMAH DAN AL-HÃŽLAH PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 7(2), 158–175. https://doi.org/10.28918/JHI.V7I2.319
Maulida, L. (2018). Bitcoin bisa dipakai bayar zakat. Tek.Id (Teknologi , Innovation, LIfestyle ).
Mughits, A. (2008). Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah (KHES) dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam. Al-Mawarid Edisi XVIII Tahun 2008, 141.
Mujani, W. K., Mohamad Mazuki, A. A., Wan Hussain, W. M. H., Alias, M. N., Salleh, A. D., Mohamad, M. N., & Zaidi, M. A. S. (2022). Bitcoin: The Extent of its Usability from the Perspective of Islamic Scholars. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/V12-I8/14298
Nurillah, A. W. (2018). Bitcoin Sebagai Alat Transaksi Dan Investasi (Analisis Hasil Keputusan Bahsul Masail Pengurus Wilayah Nahdlatul Ulama’ (PWNU) Jawa Timur tahun 2018 tentang Bitcoin). UIN Walisongo Semarang.
Pranata, E. O., Beik, I. S., & Aminah, M. (2022). What Drives the Zakat Payment Decision at the BAZNAS of South Sumatra? Share: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 11(2), 366–386. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v11i2.15379
Qs. Al-Baqoroh [2]: 267. (n.d.). Quran.Kemenag.Go.Id.
Qs. Al-Maidah [5] : 90. (n.d.). Quran.Kemenag.Go.Id.
Qs. An-Nisa’ [4:29]. (n.d.). Quran.Kemenag.Go.Id.
Qs. An-Nisa’ [4:5]. (n.d.). Quran.Kemenag.Go.Id.
Rafiqi, Y., Sukmawati, H., & Nasrulloh, A. A. (2019). IMPLEMENTASI SADD DAN FATH AL-DZARI’AH DALAM STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK BORDIR DI SENTRA INDUSTRI BORDIR KOTA TASIKMALAYA. Al-Mashlahah Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial, 7(02), 149. https://doi.org/10.30868/AM.V7I02.591
Saskia, C., & Pertiwi, W. K. (2023). Asal-usul Bitcoin yang Pendirinya Masih Misterius hingga Saat Ini. Kompas.Com.
Subagja, I., Pristiawan, F., & Prasetiyo, W. (2018). 11 Poin MUI tentang Bitcoin yang Diharamkan Sebagai Investasi. KumparanNEWS.
Syamsudin, M. (2018). Hukum Transaksi dengan Bitcoin. NU Online.
Takhim, M. (2020). Saddu al-Dzari’ah dalam Muamalah Islam. AKSES: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.31942/AKSES.V14I1.3264
Tektona, R. I., & Safilia, N. U. (2020). Penggunaan Bitcoin Sebagai Alat Pembayaran Zakat Menurut Perspektif Hukum Islam. https://doi.org/10.15575/adliya.v14i1.8542
Tuasikal, M. A. (2020). Harta Haram itu Sumbernya dari Zalim, Riba, dan Gharar. Rumaysho.Com.
Wijaya, S. (2018). TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI BITCOIN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Transactions in Islamic Law Perspective. Universitas Islam Indonesia.
